Chapter 35 Med Terms Flashcards
the process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream
absorption
severe side effects that may justify the discontinuation of a drug
adverse effects
a drug that interacts with a receptor to produce a response
agonist
a glass container usually designed to hold a single dose of a drug
ampule
a severe allergic reaction that usually occurs immediately after the administration of a drug
anaphylactic reaction
drug that inhibits cell function by occupying the drug’s receptor sites
antagonist
the slanted part at the tip of a needle
bevel
process by which a drug is converted to a less active form
biotransformation
also called detoxification
name of the drug given by the drug manufacturer; also called the trade name
brand name
a medication (e.g., a tablet) that is held in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek until the drug dissolves
buccal
a tube with a lumen (channel) that is inserted into a cavity or duct and is often fitted with a trocar during insertion for abdominal paracentesis; the part of the needle that is attached to the hub; also called a shaft
cannula
the name by which a chemist knows a drug; describes the constituents of the drug precisely
chemical name
the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion
cumulative effect
the primary effect intended of a drug; reason the drug is prescribed
desired effect
aka therapeutic effect
the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action
distribution
a chemical compound taken for disease prevention, diagnosis, cure, or relief or to affect the structure or function of the body
drug
excessive intake of a substance either continually or periodically
drug abuse
an immunologic reaction to a drug
drug allergy
inability to keep the intake of a drug or substance under control
drug dependence
a mild form of psychological dependence on a drug
drug habituation
the time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of a drug to one half of what it was at initial administration
drug half-life
also called elimination half life
the beneficial or harmful interaction of one drug with another drug
drug interaction
a condition in which successive increases in the dosage of a drug are required to maintain a given therapeutic effect
drug tolerance
the quality of a drug that exerts a deleterious effect on an organism or tissue
drug toxicity
process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a client is talking- including drug name, dosage, frequency, and route- and comparing that list against the physician’s admission, transfer, and/ or discharge orders, with the goal of providing correct medication to the client at all transition points within the hospital
medication reconcilitation
the crescent- shaped upper surface of a column of liquid
meniscus
the sum of all physical and chemical processes by which a living substance is formed and maintained by which energy is made available for use by the organism
metabolism
end products or enzymes
metabolites
a handheld neutralizer that is pressurized container of medication that can be used by the client to release the medication through a mouthpiece
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
a tube inserted by way of the nasopharynx or the oropharynx: it is placed into the stomach for the temporary purpose of feeding the client or to remove gastric sercretions
nasogastric (NG) tube
Nothing By Mouth; literally “nil per os”
NPO
the name under which a drug is listed in one of the official publications (ex the United States Pharmacopoeia)
official name
the time after drug administration when the body initially responds to the drug
onset of action
pertaining to medications for the eye
ophthalmic
a method of administration in which the drug is swallowed
oral
refers to instillation or irrigation of the external auditory canal
otic
drug administration using a medication route other than the alimentary or digestive tract; injected into the body intradermally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously
parenteral
the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma that occurs when the elimination rate equals the rate of absorption
peak plasma level
route of absorption of a topical medication through the skin
percutaneous
a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and prescriptions
pharmacist
the process by which a drug alters cell physiology
pharmacodynamics
process by which the effect of a drug is influences by genetic variations such as gender, size, and body composition
pharmacogenetics
the scientific study of the absorption, distribution, bio transformation, and excretion of drugs
pharmakinetics
the scientific study of the actions of drugs on living animals and humans
pharmacology
a book containing a list of drug products used in medicine, including their descriptions and formulas
pharmacopoeia
the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs; also refers to the place where drugs are prepared ans dispensed
pharamcy
biochemical changes occurring in the body as a result of excessive use of a drug
physiological dependence
a secondary IV setup that connects a second container to the tubing of a primary container at the upper port; used solely for intermittent drug admistration
piggyback
a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses
plateau
The effect of one or both drugs may be either increased
Potentiating effect
Injectable medications are frequently supplied in disposable.
Available in prefilled syringes ready for use or prefilled sterile cartridges and needles that require the attachment of a reusable holder before use.
Prefilled unit-dose systems
The written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
Prescription
Or As needed ordered, premits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nurses’ judgment, and or when the client requires it.
Prn order
Is emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well-being, accompanied by feelings of need or cravings for that drug.
Psychological dependence
Is the drugs specfic target, usually a protein located in the surface of a cell membrane or within the cell.
Receptor
The technique of adding a diluent to a powerdered drug to prepare it for administration
Reconstitution
( The Cannula) which is attached to the hub; and the bevel.
Shaft
Or secondary effect, of a drug is one that is unintended.
Usually predictable and may be either harmless or potentially harmful.
Side effect
Or one- time order is for medication to be given once at specified time.
Single order
May or may not have a termimation date. May be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel, or may be carried out for a specific number of days.
Standing order
Indicates that the medication is to be givsn immediately and only once
Stat order
(Hypodermic) into the subcutaneous tissue, just below the skin
Subcutaneous
In Administration a drug is placed under the tongue, where is dissovles
Sublingual
Occurs when rwo different drugs increase the action of one or another drug
Synergistic effect
Commonly used additive or secondary IV setup.
A second container is attached to the line of the first container at the lower , secondary port. This permits medications to be administered intermittently or simultaneously with the primary solution
Tandem
Also referred to as the desired effect, is the primary effect intended, that is, the reason the drug is prescribed
Therapeutic effect
Applications are those applied to a circumscribed surface area of the body.
Include: dermatologis preparations, insillations and irrigations and inhalations
Topical
Sometimes called the brand name. Is the name given by the drug manufacture and identifies it as property of that company
Trade name
A particular type of topical or dermatologic medication delivery system
Transdermal patch
Originally designed to administer tuberculin solution.
Tuberculin syringe
Is a small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap. Come in different sizes from single to multiple dose
Vial
Intermittent medications may also be administered by a
Volume- control infusion set
The time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of a drug to one half of what it was at initial administration.
Elimination Half-Life
The injection of an anesthetic agent into the epidural or intrathecal (subarachnoid) space.
Epidural
Study of the effect of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medicines.
Ethnopharmacology
Elimination of a waste product produced by the body cells from the body.
Excretion
A tube that is surgically placed directly into the client’s stomach and provides another route for administering nutrition and medications.
Gastrostomy Tube
The diameter of the shaft of a needle; the larger the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the shaft.
Gauge
Given before a drug officially becomes an approved medication.
Generic Name
The part of the needle that fits into the syringe.
Hub
Under the skin.
Hypodermic
A type of syringe that comes in 2-2.5 and 3 mL sizes, the syringe usually has two scales marked on it t.
Hypodermic Syringe
Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy.
Iatrogenic Disease
A different, unexpected, or individual effect from the normal one usually expected from a medication; the occurrence of unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms.
Idiosyncratic Effect
Syringe that has a scale specially designed for insulin and is the only type of syringe that should be used to administer insulin.
Insulin Syringe
Under the epidermis and into the dermis.
Intradermal (ID)
The administration of a drug into the dermal layer of the skin just beneath the epidermis.
Intradermal Injection
Into the muscle.
Intramuscular
The administration of a drug into the muscle tissue.
Intramuscular Injection
Into the spinal cord.
Intraspinal
Same as Intraspinal.
Intrathecal
Within a vein.
Intravenous (IV)
Flushing or washing out with a specified solution.
Irrigation
An irrigation or washing of a body organ, such as the stomach.
Lavage
A substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease.
Medication
deltoid muscle
this injection site is found on the lateral aspect of upper arm and is not used often for intramuscular injections; rapid absorption; no more than 1mL of solution can be administered; recommended for use of hep b vaccine in adults
intraosseous
this injection site is into the bone
vastus lateralis site
this injection site is usually thick and well developed. It is recommended as the site of choice for intramuscular injections for infants and young children. It is the anterior lateral aspect of the infant’s thigh.
rectus femoris site
this injection site belongs to the quadriceps muscle group and is used only occasionally for intramuscular injections. it is situated on the anterior aspect of the thigh. its chief advantage is that clients who administer their own injections can reach this site easily. the main disadvantage is that an injection here may cause considerable discomfort for some people.
dorsogluteal injection site
this injection site was historically used for intramuscular injections, however it is close to the sciatic nerve and superior gluteal nerve and artery.
ventrogluteal injection site
this injection site is in the gluteus medius muscle and is the preferred site for intramuscular injections because the area contains no large nerves or blood vessels, provides the greatest thickness of gluteal muscle, is sealed off by bone, contains consistently less fat than the buttock area, thus eliminating the need to determine the depth of subcu fat
subcutaneous injection site
this injection site is below the epidermis and dermis, but above muscle and is usually given on the back/outer aspects of the arm, anterior aspect of the thigh, the arm or abdomen. common uses: vaccine, insulin, heparin
