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fundamentals test 4 > Chapter 44 Activity & exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 44 Activity & exercise Flashcards

1
Q

A person’s routine of exercise activity leisure and recreation like for example ADLs cooking, dressing and etc

A

Activity exercise pattern

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2
Q

An imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity

A

Line of gravity

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3
Q

The point at which all of the body’s mass is centered

A

Center of gravity

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4
Q

The foundations on which the body rests

A

Base of support

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5
Q

Functional units of the musculoskeletal system

A

Joint mobility

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6
Q

Joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint

A

Range of motion or ROM

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7
Q

Awareness of posture movement and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body

A

Proprioception

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8
Q

Move the head from the upright midline position forward so that the chin rests on the chest
45 degree angle from midline ex nodding head YES

A

Flexion (neck pivot joint)

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9
Q

Move the head from the flexed position to the upright position
45 degree angle from midline ex nodding head YES

A

Extension (neck pivot joint)

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10
Q

Move the head from the upright position back as far as possible
45 degree angle from midline

A

Hyperextension (neck pivot joint)

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11
Q

Move the head laterally to the right and left shoulders

40 degree angle from midline

A

Lateral flexion ( neck pivot joint)

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12
Q

Turn the face as far as possible to the right and left

70 degree from midline ex shaking head NO

A

Rotation ( neck pivot joint)

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13
Q

Raise each arm from a position by the side forward and upward to a position beside the head
180 degree from the side ex reaching to turn on overhead light

A

Flexion ( shoulder ball and socket joint)

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14
Q

Move each arm from a vertical position beside the head forward and down to a resting position at the side of the body
180 degree from vertical position beside the head

A

Extension (shoulder ball and socket joint)

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15
Q

Move each arm from a resting side position to behind the body
50 degree from side position

A

Hyperextension ( shoulder ball and socket)

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16
Q

Move each arm laterally from a resting position at the sides to a side position above the head, palm of the hand either toward or away from the head
180 degree angle ex reaching to beside stand on same side of bed as arm

A

Abduction (shoulder ball socket )

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17
Q

Move each arm from a position at the sides across the front of the of the body as far as possible
50 degree ex reaching across body toward opposite side of bed

A

Adduction (shoulder ball and socket joint )

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18
Q

Move each arm forward up back and down in full circle

360 degree

A

Circumduction ( shoulder ball and socket joint )

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19
Q

With each arm held out to the side at shoulder level and the elbow bent to a right angle fingers pointing down move the arm upward so that fingers point up
90 degree ex reaching over opposite shoulder to scratch upper back

A

External Rotation

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20
Q

With each arm held out to the side at shoulder level and the elbow bent to a right angle fingers pointing up bring the arm forward and down so that the fingers point down
90 degree ex reaching to scratch same side lower back

A

Internal Rotation

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21
Q

Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint

A

Eversion

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22
Q

Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint

A

Inversion

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23
Q

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body

A

Pronation

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24
Q

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body

A

Supination

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25
Q

Bodily movement that enhances health

A

Physical Activity

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26
Q

A type of physical activity defined as a planned structured and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve health and maintain fitness to achieve an optimal state of health

A

Exercise

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27
Q

The ability of the body to perform work

A

Functional strength

28
Q

Type and amount of exercise of daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects

A

Activity tolerance

29
Q

Are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement

A

Isotonic (dynamic) exercises

30
Q

Muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change)

A

Isometric (static or setting) exercises

31
Q

Muscle contraction or tension against resistance

A

Isokinetic (resistive) exercises

32
Q

Activity during which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity

A

Aerobic Exercise

33
Q

Involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream

A

Anaerobic Exercise

34
Q

The ability to move freely easily rhythmically and purposefully in the environment is an essential part of living

A

Mobility

35
Q

Regular exercise is essential for maintaining mental and physical health

A

Benefits of Exercise

36
Q

The size shape tone and strength of muscles (including the heart muscle) are maintained with mild exercise and increase with strenuous exercise

A

Musculoskeletal System

37
Q

Enlarge efficiency of muscular contraction increases

A

Hypertrophy

38
Q

Adequate moderate intensity exercise (40% to 60%) of maximum capacity such as walking a mile in 15 to 20 minutes increases HR the strength of heart muscle contraction n the blood supply to the heart and muscles through cardiac output

A

Cardiovascular System

39
Q

Ventilation (air circulating into and out of the lungs) and oxygen intake increase during exercise thereby improving gas exchange

A

Respiratory System

40
Q

Exercise improves the appetite and increases the facilitating peristalsis

A

Gastrointestinal System

41
Q

Exercise elevates the metabolic rate thus increasing the production of body heat and waste products and calorie use

A

Metabolic/Endocrine System

42
Q

Promotes efficient blood flow the body excretes wastes more effectively

A

Urinary System

43
Q

As respiratory and musculoskeletal effort increase with exercise and as gravity is enlisted with postural changes lymph fluid is more efficiently pumped from tissues into lymph capillaries and vessels throughout the body

A

Immune System

44
Q

Mental or affective disorders such as depression or chronic stress may affect a person’s desire to move

A

Psychoneurologic System

45
Q

Condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion

A

Osteoporosis

46
Q

Strict confinement to bed or complete

A

Bed rest

47
Q

Too much muscle tone

A

Spastic

48
Q

Infectious processes and head and spinal cord injuries can leave muscle groups weakened paralyzed

A

Paresis

49
Q

Without muscle tone

A

Flaccid

50
Q

Unused muscles decrease size losing most of their strength and normal function

A

Disuse Atrophy

51
Q

Permanent shorten of the muscle forms limiting joint mobility

A

Contracture

52
Q

Wrist drop and external hip rotation occur when a stronger muscle dominates the opposite muscle

A

Foot drop

53
Q

Decreased mobility creates an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system resulting in a preponderance of sympathetic activity over cholingeric activity that increase HR

A

Diminished cardiac reserve

54
Q

Holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis

A

Increased use of the valsalva maneuver

55
Q

The skeletal muscle of an active person contract with each movement compressing the blood vessels in those muscles and helping to pump the blood back to the heart against gravity

A

Venous vasodilation and stasis

56
Q

Under normal conditions sympathetic nervous system activity causes automatic vasoconstriction in the blood vessels in the lower half of the body

A

Orthographic hypotension

57
Q

Bed position in which the head and trunk are raised 45 to 60 degrees relative to the bed

A

Fowlers position

58
Q

Head and trunk are raised 15 to 45 degree

A

Semi fowlers position

59
Q

The client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table

A

Orthopneic position

60
Q

Clients head shoulders are slightly elevated on a small pillow

A

Dorsal position

61
Q

The client abdomen with the head turned to one side hips are not flexed

A

Prone position

62
Q

The clients lies on one side of the body

A

Lateral position

63
Q

The client assumes a posture halfway between the lateral and the prone positions

A

Sims position

64
Q

Isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement

A

Active ROM exercises

65
Q

Person moves each of the clients joints through its complete range of movement maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint

A

Passive ROM Exercises

fundamentals test 4 (6 decks)

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