Chapter 44 Activity & exercise Flashcards
A person’s routine of exercise activity leisure and recreation like for example ADLs cooking, dressing and etc
Activity exercise pattern
An imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity
Line of gravity
The point at which all of the body’s mass is centered
Center of gravity
The foundations on which the body rests
Base of support
Functional units of the musculoskeletal system
Joint mobility
Joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint
Range of motion or ROM
Awareness of posture movement and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body
Proprioception
Move the head from the upright midline position forward so that the chin rests on the chest
45 degree angle from midline ex nodding head YES
Flexion (neck pivot joint)
Move the head from the flexed position to the upright position
45 degree angle from midline ex nodding head YES
Extension (neck pivot joint)
Move the head from the upright position back as far as possible
45 degree angle from midline
Hyperextension (neck pivot joint)
Move the head laterally to the right and left shoulders
40 degree angle from midline
Lateral flexion ( neck pivot joint)
Turn the face as far as possible to the right and left
70 degree from midline ex shaking head NO
Rotation ( neck pivot joint)
Raise each arm from a position by the side forward and upward to a position beside the head
180 degree from the side ex reaching to turn on overhead light
Flexion ( shoulder ball and socket joint)
Move each arm from a vertical position beside the head forward and down to a resting position at the side of the body
180 degree from vertical position beside the head
Extension (shoulder ball and socket joint)
Move each arm from a resting side position to behind the body
50 degree from side position
Hyperextension ( shoulder ball and socket)
Move each arm laterally from a resting position at the sides to a side position above the head, palm of the hand either toward or away from the head
180 degree angle ex reaching to beside stand on same side of bed as arm
Abduction (shoulder ball socket )
Move each arm from a position at the sides across the front of the of the body as far as possible
50 degree ex reaching across body toward opposite side of bed
Adduction (shoulder ball and socket joint )
Move each arm forward up back and down in full circle
360 degree
Circumduction ( shoulder ball and socket joint )
With each arm held out to the side at shoulder level and the elbow bent to a right angle fingers pointing down move the arm upward so that fingers point up
90 degree ex reaching over opposite shoulder to scratch upper back
External Rotation
With each arm held out to the side at shoulder level and the elbow bent to a right angle fingers pointing up bring the arm forward and down so that the fingers point down
90 degree ex reaching to scratch same side lower back
Internal Rotation
Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
Inversion
Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body
Pronation
Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body
Supination
Bodily movement that enhances health
Physical Activity
A type of physical activity defined as a planned structured and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve health and maintain fitness to achieve an optimal state of health
Exercise
The ability of the body to perform work
Functional strength
Type and amount of exercise of daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects
Activity tolerance
Are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement
Isotonic (dynamic) exercises
Muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
Isometric (static or setting) exercises
Muscle contraction or tension against resistance
Isokinetic (resistive) exercises
Activity during which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity
Aerobic Exercise
Involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream
Anaerobic Exercise
The ability to move freely easily rhythmically and purposefully in the environment is an essential part of living
Mobility
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining mental and physical health
Benefits of Exercise
The size shape tone and strength of muscles (including the heart muscle) are maintained with mild exercise and increase with strenuous exercise
Musculoskeletal System
Enlarge efficiency of muscular contraction increases
Hypertrophy
Adequate moderate intensity exercise (40% to 60%) of maximum capacity such as walking a mile in 15 to 20 minutes increases HR the strength of heart muscle contraction n the blood supply to the heart and muscles through cardiac output
Cardiovascular System
Ventilation (air circulating into and out of the lungs) and oxygen intake increase during exercise thereby improving gas exchange
Respiratory System
Exercise improves the appetite and increases the facilitating peristalsis
Gastrointestinal System
Exercise elevates the metabolic rate thus increasing the production of body heat and waste products and calorie use
Metabolic/Endocrine System
Promotes efficient blood flow the body excretes wastes more effectively
Urinary System
As respiratory and musculoskeletal effort increase with exercise and as gravity is enlisted with postural changes lymph fluid is more efficiently pumped from tissues into lymph capillaries and vessels throughout the body
Immune System
Mental or affective disorders such as depression or chronic stress may affect a person’s desire to move
Psychoneurologic System
Condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion
Osteoporosis
Strict confinement to bed or complete
Bed rest
Too much muscle tone
Spastic
Infectious processes and head and spinal cord injuries can leave muscle groups weakened paralyzed
Paresis
Without muscle tone
Flaccid
Unused muscles decrease size losing most of their strength and normal function
Disuse Atrophy
Permanent shorten of the muscle forms limiting joint mobility
Contracture
Wrist drop and external hip rotation occur when a stronger muscle dominates the opposite muscle
Foot drop
Decreased mobility creates an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system resulting in a preponderance of sympathetic activity over cholingeric activity that increase HR
Diminished cardiac reserve
Holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis
Increased use of the valsalva maneuver
The skeletal muscle of an active person contract with each movement compressing the blood vessels in those muscles and helping to pump the blood back to the heart against gravity
Venous vasodilation and stasis
Under normal conditions sympathetic nervous system activity causes automatic vasoconstriction in the blood vessels in the lower half of the body
Orthographic hypotension
Bed position in which the head and trunk are raised 45 to 60 degrees relative to the bed
Fowlers position
Head and trunk are raised 15 to 45 degree
Semi fowlers position
The client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table
Orthopneic position
Clients head shoulders are slightly elevated on a small pillow
Dorsal position
The client abdomen with the head turned to one side hips are not flexed
Prone position
The clients lies on one side of the body
Lateral position
The client assumes a posture halfway between the lateral and the prone positions
Sims position
Isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement
Active ROM exercises
Person moves each of the clients joints through its complete range of movement maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint
Passive ROM Exercises
