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fundamentals test 4 > Chapter 35-Medications > Flashcards

Chapter 35-Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Medication

A

a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, relief of a symptom, or prevention of disease

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2
Q

drug

A

a chemical compound taken for disease prevention, diagnosis, cure, or relief or to affect the structure or function of the body

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3
Q

Prescription

A

the written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug

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4
Q

Generic Name

A

a drug name not protected by trademark and usually describing the chemical structure of the drug
-assigned by the United states Adopted Names(USAN)council

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5
Q

Brand name aka Trade name

A

the name given by the drug manufacturer

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6
Q

Official Name

A

the name under which a drug is listed in one of the official publications (e.g., the United States Pharmacopeia)

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7
Q

Pharmacology

A

the scientific study of the actions of drugs on living animals and humans

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8
Q

Pharmacy

A

the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs; also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed

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9
Q

Pharmacist

A

a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and prescriptions

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10
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

a book containing a list of drug products used in medicine, including their descriptions and formulas

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11
Q

Types of drug preparation

Page 842 table 35-1

A 
-aerosol spray or foam
elixir
syrup
cream
lotion
tablet
capsule
suppository 
caplet
(not all listed)
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12
Q

Food, drug and cosmetic act 1938

A
  • implemeted by FDA

- Requires that label be accurate and that all drugs be tested for harmful effects

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13
Q

Durkham-Humphrey Amendment (1952)

A

-clearly differentiates drugs that can be sold without a prescription, and those that can be sold only with a rx, and those that cannt be refilled without a new rx

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14
Q

Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962)

A

Requires proff of safety and efficacy of a drug for approval

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15
Q

Comprehensive Drug abuse prevention and control act (1970)

controlled substance act

A

-categorizes controlled substances and limits how often a prescription can be filled, established govt funded programs to prevent drug dependence

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16
Q

Therapeutic effect (desired effect)

A

the primary effect intended of a drug; reason the drug is prescribed

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17
Q

side effect

A

the secondary effect of a drug that is unintended; usually predictable and may be either harmless or potentially harmful

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18
Q

adverse effect

A

more severe side effects which may justify the discontinuation of a drug

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19
Q

drug toxicity

A

the quality of a drug that exerts a deleterious effect on an organism or tissue, results from overdosage, ingestion of drug intended for external use

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20
Q

Drug allergy

A

an immunologic reaction to a drug

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21
Q

Therapeutic actions of drugs

page 844 table 35-3

A
  • palliative (releives symptoms of disease, but does not affect disease itself)
  • curative (cures a disease or condition)
  • supportive (supports a body function until other treatments or the body’s response can take over)
  • substitutive (replaces body fluids or substances)
  • chemotherapeutic (destroys malignant cells)
  • restorative (returns the body to health)
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22
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

a severe allergic reaction usually occurs immediately after the administration of the drug

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23
Q

Drug tolerance

A

a condition in which successive increases in the dosage of a drug are required to maintain a given therapeutic effect

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24
Q

Cumulative effect

A

the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

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25
Idiosyncratic effect
a different, unexpected or individual effect from the normal one usually expected from a medication; the occurrence of unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms
26
drug interaction
the beneficial or harmful interaction of one drug with another drug
27
Potentiating effect
the increased effect of one or both drugs
28
Inhibiting effect
the decreased effect of one or both drugs
29
synergistic effect
occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug ie:codeine and aspirin both analgesics
30
latrogenic disease
disease cause unintentionally by medical therapy
31
Drug abuse
excessive intake of a substance either continually or periodically
32
drug dependence
inability to keep the intake of a drug or substance under control
33
Drug habituation
a mild form of psychologic dependence on a drug
34
Physiological dependence
tissues require the substance for normal functions
35
psychological dependence
is an emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well being
36
illicit drugs
-aka street drugs sold illegally -2 types; unavalable for purchase(heorin) and available for purchase with rx, sold illegally
37
Onset of action
the time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug
38
Peak plasma level
the highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate equals the rate of absorption
39
drug half-life (elimination half dose)
the time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration
40
Plateau
a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses
41
Pharmacodynamics
the process by which a drug alters cell physiology
42
Receptor
the drugs specific target, usually a protein located on the surface of a cell membrane or within the cell
43
agonist
a drug produces the same type of response as physiological or endogenouis substance
44
antagonist
a drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites
45
Pharmacokinetics
the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs
46
absorption
the process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream
47
Distribution
the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action
48
biotransformation
process by which a drug is converted to a less active form; also called detoxification
49
excretion
elimination of a waste product produced by the body cells from the body
50
Factors affecting medication action
Developmental factors (pregnancy, infants, older adults, children, etc) -Sex (related to body fat and hormonal differences) -Cultural, ethnic, and genetic factors -Diet (nutrients affect meds, ex, vitamin K counteracts coumadin) -Environment (temp affects vasoconstriction/dilation, behovior, mood, busy, noise, etc) -Psychological factors (expectations affect response to meds) -Illness and disease (drug action altered in clients with circulatory, liver, or kidney dysfunction) -Time of administration (affects relative speed with which they act. some meds best taken with foods, some without.) 0
51
oral
referring to the mouth -most convenient -usually least expensive safe-doesnt break sin barrier
52
otic
referring to the ear
53
opthalmic
referring to the eye
54
sublingual
under the tongue | -more potent than oral
55
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
56
rectal
- can be used when drug has a bad taste or odor | - drug released at slow steady rate
57
vaginal
provides a local effect
58
topical
few side effects
59
Parenteral
drug administration occurring outside the alimentary tract; injected into the body through some route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intramuscularly)
60
intraspinal(intrathecal)
into the spinal cord
61
epidural
into the epidural space
62
topical
applied externally (e.g., to the skin or mucous membranes)
63
stat order
common medication order which indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once
64
single order
common medication order which "one-time order" is for medication to be given once at a specified time
65
standing order
a written document about policies, rules, regulations, or orders regarding client care; give nurses the authority to carry out specific actions under certain circumstances
66
prn order
as needed order, permits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nurse's judgment, the client requires it
67
essential part of medication order
- Full name of the client - Date and time the order is written - Name of the drug to be administered - Dosage of the drug - Frequency of administration - Route of administration - Signature of the person writing the order
68
Parts of a prescription
-descriptive info about client, name, address, age dob -date rx written -the rx symbol -med name, dosage, strength -route of admin -dispensing instructions -direc of adminstration -refills dr signature
69
minim
the basic unit of measure in the apothecary system, equal to 0.0616 mL
70
Medication reconciliation
a method to ensure that clients recieve the appropriate medications and dosages. Three important areas for medication reconciliation to occur are 1) on admission 2) during shift reports, transfers, and with new medication administration records. 3) at discharge
71
Ten rights of med admin
1) right medication 2) right time 3) right route 4) right client 5) right client 6) right client education 7) right documention 8) right to refuse 9) right assessment 10) right evaluation
72
Nasogastric Tube
a tube is inserted by way of the nasopharynx and is placed into the client's stomach for the purpose of feeding the client or to remove gastric secretions
73
Administering subcutaneous injection
``` 1-3ml syringe. #25 gauge or smaller needle. 3/8 or 5/8 inch long needle. 45 or 90 degree angle. DO NOT aspirate, especially w/ heparin. Aspirating with insulin is not recommened. DO NOT massage site after injection ``` pinch or spread skin.
74
Administering intramusclular injection
``` 1-3mL 1-1.5-inches #21 or #22 ventrogluteal site preferred dorsogluteal site should NOT be used, too risky Inject using z track method 90-degree angle quick darting motion aspirate for 5-10 seconds inject med slowly, 10 seconds per milliliter After injection wait 10 seconds Apply gentle pressure at the site Not necessary to massage, may cause leakage. ```
75
Vastus Lateralis site
Recommended site for IM injections for infants 1 year and younger. - Middle third of outside (lateral) of thigh. - No major blood vessels or nerves in the area, is desirable for infants whose gluteal muscles are poorly developed

fundamentals test 4 (6 decks)

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