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fundamentals test 4 > Chapter 35-Medications > Flashcards

Chapter 35-Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Medication

A

a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, relief of a symptom, or prevention of disease

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2
Q

drug

A

a chemical compound taken for disease prevention, diagnosis, cure, or relief or to affect the structure or function of the body

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3
Q

Prescription

A

the written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug

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4
Q

Generic Name

A

a drug name not protected by trademark and usually describing the chemical structure of the drug
-assigned by the United states Adopted Names(USAN)council

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5
Q

Brand name aka Trade name

A

the name given by the drug manufacturer

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6
Q

Official Name

A

the name under which a drug is listed in one of the official publications (e.g., the United States Pharmacopeia)

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7
Q

Pharmacology

A

the scientific study of the actions of drugs on living animals and humans

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8
Q

Pharmacy

A

the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs; also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed

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9
Q

Pharmacist

A

a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and prescriptions

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10
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

a book containing a list of drug products used in medicine, including their descriptions and formulas

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11
Q

Types of drug preparation

Page 842 table 35-1

A 
-aerosol spray or foam
elixir
syrup
cream
lotion
tablet
capsule
suppository 
caplet
(not all listed)
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12
Q

Food, drug and cosmetic act 1938

A
  • implemeted by FDA

- Requires that label be accurate and that all drugs be tested for harmful effects

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13
Q

Durkham-Humphrey Amendment (1952)

A

-clearly differentiates drugs that can be sold without a prescription, and those that can be sold only with a rx, and those that cannt be refilled without a new rx

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14
Q

Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962)

A

Requires proff of safety and efficacy of a drug for approval

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15
Q

Comprehensive Drug abuse prevention and control act (1970)

controlled substance act

A

-categorizes controlled substances and limits how often a prescription can be filled, established govt funded programs to prevent drug dependence

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16
Q

Therapeutic effect (desired effect)

A

the primary effect intended of a drug; reason the drug is prescribed

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17
Q

side effect

A

the secondary effect of a drug that is unintended; usually predictable and may be either harmless or potentially harmful

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18
Q

adverse effect

A

more severe side effects which may justify the discontinuation of a drug

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19
Q

drug toxicity

A

the quality of a drug that exerts a deleterious effect on an organism or tissue, results from overdosage, ingestion of drug intended for external use

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20
Q

Drug allergy

A

an immunologic reaction to a drug

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21
Q

Therapeutic actions of drugs

page 844 table 35-3

A
  • palliative (releives symptoms of disease, but does not affect disease itself)
  • curative (cures a disease or condition)
  • supportive (supports a body function until other treatments or the body’s response can take over)
  • substitutive (replaces body fluids or substances)
  • chemotherapeutic (destroys malignant cells)
  • restorative (returns the body to health)
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22
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

a severe allergic reaction usually occurs immediately after the administration of the drug

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23
Q

Drug tolerance

A

a condition in which successive increases in the dosage of a drug are required to maintain a given therapeutic effect

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24
Q

Cumulative effect

A

the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

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25
Q

Idiosyncratic effect

A

a different, unexpected or individual effect from the normal one usually expected from a medication; the occurrence of unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms

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26
Q

drug interaction

A

the beneficial or harmful interaction of one drug with another drug

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27
Q

Potentiating effect

A

the increased effect of one or both drugs

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28
Q

Inhibiting effect

A

the decreased effect of one or both drugs

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29
Q

synergistic effect

A

occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug ie:codeine and aspirin both analgesics

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30
Q

latrogenic disease

A

disease cause unintentionally by medical therapy

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31
Q

Drug abuse

A

excessive intake of a substance either continually or periodically

32
Q

drug dependence

A

inability to keep the intake of a drug or substance under control

33
Q

Drug habituation

A

a mild form of psychologic dependence on a drug

34
Q

Physiological dependence

A

tissues require the substance for normal functions

35
Q

psychological dependence

A

is an emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well being

36
Q

illicit drugs

A

-aka street drugs
sold illegally
-2 types; unavalable for purchase(heorin)
and available for purchase with rx, sold illegally

37
Q

Onset of action

A

the time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug

38
Q

Peak plasma level

A

the highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate equals the rate of absorption

39
Q

drug half-life (elimination half dose)

A

the time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration

40
Q

Plateau

A

a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses

41
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the process by which a drug alters cell physiology

42
Q

Receptor

A

the drugs specific target, usually a protein located on the surface of a cell membrane or within the cell

43
Q

agonist

A

a drug produces the same type of response as physiological or endogenouis substance

44
Q

antagonist

A

a drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites

45
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs

46
Q

absorption

A

the process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream

47
Q

Distribution

A

the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action

48
Q

biotransformation

A

process by which a drug is converted to a less active form; also called detoxification

49
Q

excretion

A

elimination of a waste product produced by the body cells from the body

50
Q

Factors affecting medication action

A

Developmental factors (pregnancy, infants, older adults, children, etc)
-Sex (related to body fat and hormonal differences)
-Cultural, ethnic, and genetic factors
-Diet (nutrients affect meds, ex, vitamin K counteracts coumadin)
-Environment (temp affects vasoconstriction/dilation, behovior, mood, busy, noise, etc)
-Psychological factors (expectations affect response to meds)
-Illness and disease (drug action altered in clients with circulatory, liver, or kidney dysfunction)
-Time of administration (affects relative speed with which they act. some meds best taken with foods, some without.)
0

51
Q

oral

A

referring to the mouth
-most convenient
-usually least expensive
safe-doesnt break sin barrier

52
Q

otic

A

referring to the ear

53
Q

opthalmic

A

referring to the eye

54
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

-more potent than oral

55
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

56
Q

rectal

A
  • can be used when drug has a bad taste or odor

- drug released at slow steady rate

57
Q

vaginal

A

provides a local effect

58
Q

topical

A

few side effects

59
Q

Parenteral

A

drug administration occurring outside the alimentary tract; injected into the body through some route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intramuscularly)

60
Q

intraspinal(intrathecal)

A

into the spinal cord

61
Q

epidural

A

into the epidural space

62
Q

topical

A

applied externally (e.g., to the skin or mucous membranes)

63
Q

stat order

A

common medication order which indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once

64
Q

single order

A

common medication order which “one-time order” is for medication to be given once at a specified time

65
Q

standing order

A

a written document about policies, rules, regulations, or orders regarding client care; give nurses the authority to carry out specific actions under certain circumstances

66
Q

prn order

A

as needed order, permits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nurse’s judgment, the client requires it

67
Q

essential part of medication order

A
  • Full name of the client
  • Date and time the order is written
  • Name of the drug to be administered
  • Dosage of the drug
  • Frequency of administration
  • Route of administration
  • Signature of the person writing the order
68
Q

Parts of a prescription

A

-descriptive info about client, name, address, age dob
-date rx written
-the rx symbol
-med name, dosage, strength
-route of admin
-dispensing instructions
-direc of adminstration
-refills
dr signature

69
Q

minim

A

the basic unit of measure in the apothecary system, equal to 0.0616 mL

70
Q

Medication reconciliation

A

a method to ensure that clients recieve the appropriate medications and dosages. Three important areas for medication reconciliation to occur are

1) on admission
2) during shift reports, transfers, and with new medication administration records.
3) at discharge

71
Q

Ten rights of med admin

A

1) right medication
2) right time
3) right route
4) right client
5) right client
6) right client education
7) right documention
8) right to refuse
9) right assessment
10) right evaluation

72
Q

Nasogastric Tube

A

a tube is inserted by way of the nasopharynx and is placed into the client’s stomach for the purpose of feeding the client or to remove gastric secretions

73
Q

Administering subcutaneous injection

A 
1-3ml syringe.
#25 gauge or smaller needle.
3/8 or 5/8 inch long needle.
45 or 90 degree angle. DO NOT aspirate, especially w/ heparin. Aspirating with insulin is not recommened.
DO NOT massage site after injection

pinch or spread skin.

74
Q

Administering intramusclular injection

A 
1-3mL
1-1.5-inches
#21 or #22
ventrogluteal site preferred
dorsogluteal site should NOT be used, too risky
Inject using z track method
90-degree angle
quick darting motion
aspirate for 5-10 seconds
inject med slowly, 10 seconds per milliliter
After injection wait 10 seconds
Apply gentle pressure at the site
Not necessary to massage, may cause leakage.
75
Q

Vastus Lateralis site

A

Recommended site for IM injections for infants 1 year and younger.

  • Middle third of outside (lateral) of thigh.
  • No major blood vessels or nerves in the area, is desirable for infants whose gluteal muscles are poorly developed

fundamentals test 4 (6 decks)

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