Chapter 44

Question 0

The energy needed to maintain life sustaining activities ( breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature ) for a specific period of time at rest.

Answer 0

Basic metabolic rate

Question 1

Is critical for all members of a sufficient household.

Answer 1

Food security

Question 2

Resting metabolic rate, is the amount of energy that an individual needs to consume over a 24-hour period of the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest.

Answer 2

Resting energy expenditure (REE)

Question 3

Energy requirement are completely met by

Answer 3

Kilocalorie intake in food, weight does not change

Question 4

_____ are elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes.

Answer 4

Nutrients

Question 5

Ex. The proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories.
High-nutrient dense foods such as fruits and veggies provide a large number of nutrient in relegation ship to kilocalories whereas low-nutrient dense foods such as alcohol or sugar are high in kilocalories but nutrient poor.

Answer 5

Nutrient density

Question 6

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are the main source of energy in diet. Produces 4 kcal/g and serves as the main source of fuel (glucose) for the brain, skeletal muscles during exercise, erythrocyte, and leukocyte production, and cell function of the renal medulla.

Answer 6

Carbohydrates - classified as saccharides

Question 7

• Amino acids necessary for nitrogen balance.
• Essential for synthesis (building) of body tissues in growth, maintenance, and repair. ( collagen, hormones, enzymes, immune cells, DNA, and RNA are all made of this.)
• required in blood clotting, fluid regulation, and acid-base balance.
• transport nutrients and many drugs in the blood.

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Is a polysaccharide that is structural part of plants that is not broken down by the human digestive enzymes. Does not contribute calories to the diet. ( cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin)
Soluble- barley, cereal, grains, cornmeal, and oats.

Answer 8

Fiber

Question 9

Simplest form of protein

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

The body does not synthesize indispensable amino acids thus these to be provided in the diet such as:

Answer 10

Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine.

Question 11

Examples of amino acids synthesized in the body are:

Answer 11

Alanine, aspargine, and glutamic acid

Question 12

A simple proteins because they contain only amino acids or their derivatives.

Answer 12

Albumin and insulin

Question 13

Are the most calorie-dense nutrient, providing 9 kcal/g that are composed of triglycerides and fatty acids.

Answer 13

Fats (lipids)

Question 14

Circulate in the he blood and are composed of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Answer 14

Triglycerides

Question 15

Are composed of chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end of the chain and methyl group at the other.

Answer 15

Fatty acids

Question 16

Makes up 60% to 70% of total body weight that is essential on all cell function depends on a fluid environment.

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

True or false.
An ill person has an increased need for fluid (fever or gastrointestinal losses). By contrast, the patient also has a decreased ability to excrete fluid (ex. Cardiopulmonary or renal disease), which often leads to the need for fluid restriction.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Essential for metabolism. They are either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
They act as catalyst in biochemical reactions.

Answer 18

Vitamins

Question 19

Are stored in the fatty compartments of hype body (A, D, E, and K). With the exceptions of vitamin dad, people acquire vitamins through dietary intake.

Answer 19

Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 20

Are vitamin C and B complex, does not store water. Thus they need to be provided on daily food intake. They are easily absorbed easily from the GI tract. Although they are not store toxicity can still occur.

Answer 20

Water-soluble

Question 21

Are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalyst in biochemical reactions. They are considered as macro minerals and trace minerals.

Answer 21

Minerals

Question 22

Is the mechanical breakdown that results a from chewing, churning, and mixing with fluid and chemical reactions in which food is reduced to its simples form.

Answer 22

Digestion- begins in the mouth and ends in the small and large intestines

Question 23

Are proteinlike substances that act as catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Is the recommended amount of nutrition that appears sufficient to maintain a specific body function for 50% of the population based on age and gender

Answer 24

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 25

Is the average need of 98% of the population, not the individual.

Answer 25

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Question 26

Is the suggested intake for individuals based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intakes.

Answer 26

Adequate intake

Question 27

Is the highest level that likely poses no risk of adverse health events.

Answer 27

Upper intake level (UL)

Question 28

True or false: the longer the material stays in the large intestine, the more water is absorbed, causing feces to become firmer. Exercise and fiber stimulate peristalsis, and water maintains consistency.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Present evidence-based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group.

Answer 29

Dietary recommended intakes ( DRI)

Question 30

What are the 4 components to the DRI?

Answer 30

EAR (estimated average requirement)
RDA ( recommended dietary allowance)
AI (average intake)
UL ( upper intake level)