Chapter 4.3: Visual Perception - Recognizing What we see Flashcards
Parallel processing
The brain’s capacity to perform many activities at the same time.
Illusory conjunction
A perceptual mistake whereby the brain incorrectly combines features from multiple objects
Feature-integration theory
Focused attention is not required to detect the individual features that make up a stimulus(e.g. color,shape,size and location of letters) but it is required to bind those individual features together.
Attention
Active and conscious processing of particular information
Perceptual constancy
Even as aspects of sensory signals change, perception remains constant.
Perceptual contrast
Although the sensory information from two things may be very similar, we perceive the objects as different.
Perceptual organization
Process of grouping and segregating features to create whole objects organized in a meaningful way
Simplicity
When confronted with two or more possible interpretations of an object’s shape the visual system tends to select the simplest or most likely interpretation
Closure
We tend to fill in missing elements of a visual scene allowing us to perceive edges that are separated by an interruption as belonging to complete objects
Continuity
Edges or contours that have the same orientation have what the Gestalt psychologists called good continuation and we tend to group them together perceptually.
Similarity
Regions that are similar in color, lightness, shape, or texture are perceived as belonging to the same object.
Proximity
Objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
Common fate
Elements of a visual image that move together are perceived as parts of a single moving object
Monocular depth cues
Aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye.
Linear perspective
Phenomenon that parallel lines seem to converge as they recede into the distance
Texture gradient
Describes how textures such as parched ground looked more detailed close up but more uniform and smooth when farther away
Interposition
Occurs when one object partly blocks another. You can infer that the blocking object(Bowl of cherries) is closer than the blocked object(Basket of apples). However, interposition by itself cannot provide information about how far apart the two objects are.
Relative height in the image
Depends on your field of vision. Objects that are closer to you tend to be lower in a visual scene, whereas faraway objects are higher up in your field of view.
Binocular disparity
The difference in the retinal images of the two eyes
MT
Region near the back of the temporal lobe that specializes in the perception of visual motion
Apparent motion
The perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations
spatial acuity
Ability to distinguish two features that are very close together in space.
temporal acuity
Ability to distinguish two features that are very close together in time
multisensory
stimulating multiple senses at the same time
ventriloquist illusion
E.g. watching a movie with surround sound and hearing the characters from what you can see
Change blindness
People fail to detect changes to visual details of a scene
