CHAPTER 43: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 1

In innate immunity, ________ and __________ rely on traits common to groups of pathogens

Answer 1

recognition and response

Question 2

What are pathogens?

Answer 2

They are agents that cause disease

Question 3

What is innate immunity?

Answer 3

• It is a defense active immediately upon infection e.g barrier defenses

Question 4

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

• It is active after the innate response and develops more slowly
• Only in vertebrates

Question 5

What are examples of innate immunity?

Answer 5

• Barrier defenses: Skin, mucous membranes, secretions

- Internal defenses: Phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response

Question 6

What are some examples of adaptive immunity?

Answer 6

• Humoral response: antibodies defend against infection in body fluids
• Cell-mediated response: Cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells

Question 7

The digestive system is protected by a __________ based barrier and lysozyme

Answer 7

chitin-based

Question 8

What are hemocytes?

Answer 8

These are insects major immune cells

Question 9

The host enzyme __________ recognizes the virus dsRNA

Answer 9

Dicer 2

Question 10

Host ________ complex protein binds to the fragments, cuts and blocks the viral mRNA form synthesis protein

Answer 10

Argo

Question 11

What are the similar innate defenses of mammals and invertebrates

Answer 11

Barrier defenses
Phagocytosis
Antimicrobial peptides
(PAB)

Question 12

Defenses unique to vertebrates are:

Answer 12

• natural killer cells
• interferons
• inflammatory response

Question 13

What does mucus do?

Answer 13

It traps and allows for the removal of microbes

Question 14

Secretion from where give humans low pH(3-5)?

Answer 14

Oil and sweat glands