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Nursing Kauai community college > Chapter 43: Sleep > Flashcards

Chapter 43: Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Clocks

A

An internal body clock that regulates a cycle of a specific physiological process

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2
Q

Cataplexy

A

Sudden muscle weakness associated with intense emotions

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3
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

24 hour day/night cycle

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4
Q

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness(EDS)

A

Symptom resulting from an underlying sleep condition that stimulates the motivation to sleep

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5
Q

Hypersomnolence

A

recurrent episodes of EDS or prolonged nighttime sleep that is not restorative

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6
Q

Hypnotics

A

Medications that induce sleep

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7
Q

Insomnia

A

A symptom of chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, & or short or non-restored sleep

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8
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep & wake states

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9
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination during the night

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10
Q

Non Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (NREM)

A

Dreamless sleep consisting of 4 stages with stage 1&2 being of light sleep & 3&4 being of deep sleep each 15-30 min long

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11
Q

Polysomnogram

A

Use of EEG, EMG, & EOG to monitor multiple stages of sleep & wakefulness during night time sleep

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12
Q

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

A

Sleep phase where lucid dreams occur

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13
Q

Sedatives

A

Meds that induce a calming/relaxing effect (benzodiazpines)

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14
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Lack of airflow through nose & mouth that > or = 10 sec during sleep

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15
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Lack of sleep caused by difficulty going or staying asleep

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16
Q

Sleep Hygiene

A

Routines that are necessary to have good sleep quality & duration with no signs of sleepiness during the day

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17
Q

Where is the sleep center located?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

What does the Epworth Sleepiness Scale measure?

A

Evaluates severty of excessive daytime sleepiness

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19
Q

What are the factors that can disrupt sleep?

A
  • Drugs
  • Lifestyle patterns
  • Emotional stress
  • Environment
  • Diet
  • Exercise right before bed
20
Q

Why are older adults more likely to be aroused from sleep?

A

NREM stages 3&4(delta) start to decline(deep sleep stages)

21
Q

Insomnia is common among what age group?

A

Middle adults (35-65)

22
Q

Older & middle adults are more likely to experience sleep disturbances due to what?

A

Reduced NREM sleep (physical & psychological repair)

23
Q

What are the primary functions of sleep?

A
  1. Restore organ functions
  2. Tissue recovery
  3. Cognitive restoration
24
Q

What does the sleep center secrete to promote wakefulness & REM sleep?

A

Hypocretins(orexins)

25
Q

What system of the brain maintains wakefulness & alertness?

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

26
Q

What does the RAS secrete to maintain wakefulness & alertness?

A

Adrenaline

27
Q

What does the sleep center secrete to control sleep?

A
  • Prosta D2
  • L-tryptophan
  • Growth factors
28
Q

What is the purpose of the Pitssburgh Sleep Index?

A

Assess sleep quality & patterns

29
Q

What is this scale?

A

The visual analog scale

30
Q

Define: Sleep Disorders

A

Conditions that cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in one of three problems:

  • Insomnia
  • Abnormal movements/sensation during sleep or when waking up at night
  • excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
31
Q

Define: Transient Insomnia

A

Insomnia caused by daily stressors

32
Q

Name the 3 types of sleep apnea

A
  1. Central
  2. Obstructive
  3. Mixed
33
Q

Common conditions that lead to central apnea?

A
  1. Encephalitis
  2. muscular dystrophy
  3. brain stem injury
34
Q

What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?

A
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
35
Q

What are some ways to manage narcolepsy?

A
  • Antidepressants
  • Exercise
  • Naps <20 min
  • Chewing gum
  • Good Sleep hygiene
36
Q

What are the common symptoms of narcolepsy?

A
  • EDS
  • Cataplexy
  • Vivid dreams
  • Sleep paralysis
37
Q

Define: Parasomnias

A

Sleep disorders common in children

38
Q

List the type of parasomnias

A
  • Somnambulism (sleep walking)
  • Nightmares
  • Nocturnal eneuresis (bed wetting)
  • Body rocking
  • Bruxism (grinding teeth)
39
Q

The presence of parasomnias is an indication of what?

A

Serious disorder

40
Q

What are some nursing assessment questions for the root cause of sleep problems.

A
  • Describe for me they type of sleep problem you are having
  • Why do you think you’re not getting enough sleep?
  • Describe a recent night of sleep, how does it differ from your usual pattern?
41
Q

What are some nursing assessment questions for the signs & symptoms of a sleep problem?

A
  • Do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up?
  • Has anyone complained that you snore loudly?
  • Do you have any headaches upon waking up?
42
Q

What are some nuring assessment questions for the onset & durations of S/S?

A
  • When did you notice the problem?
  • What do you do to reliee the symptom?
  • How long has this gone on for?
43
Q

Wht are some nursing assessment questions for assessing the severity of a sleep problem?

A
  • How long does it take you to fall asleep?
  • How often do you have trouble falling asleep?
  • How many hours of sleep/ night did you get this week?
44
Q

What are some nursing assessment questons for assessing predisposing factors to sleep problems?

A
  • What do you do just before bed?
  • How is your mood? Has it changed recently?
  • Does anyone in your family have a history of sleep problems?
45
Q

What are some nursing assessment questions for assessing how the sleep problem has effected the patient?

A
  • How has the loss of sleep affected you?
  • Do you feel excessively sleepy, irritable, or have trouble concentrating during the day?
  • Do you have trouble staying awake?
46
Q

What are the appropriate nursing Dx for sleep alterations?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Ineffective Breathing Pattern
  • Acute Confusion
  • Ineffective Coping
  • Insomnia
  • Fatigue
  • Disturbed Sleep Pattern
  • Sleep Deprivation
  • Readiness for Enhanced Sleep
  • Compromised Family Coping

Nursing Kauai community college (13 decks)

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