Chapter 43: Sleep Flashcards
Biological Clocks
An internal body clock that regulates a cycle of a specific physiological process
Cataplexy
Sudden muscle weakness associated with intense emotions
Circadian rhythm
24 hour day/night cycle
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness(EDS)
Symptom resulting from an underlying sleep condition that stimulates the motivation to sleep
Hypersomnolence
recurrent episodes of EDS or prolonged nighttime sleep that is not restorative
Hypnotics
Medications that induce sleep
Insomnia
A symptom of chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, & or short or non-restored sleep
Narcolepsy
Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep & wake states
Nocturia
Urination during the night
Non Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (NREM)
Dreamless sleep consisting of 4 stages with stage 1&2 being of light sleep & 3&4 being of deep sleep each 15-30 min long
Polysomnogram
Use of EEG, EMG, & EOG to monitor multiple stages of sleep & wakefulness during night time sleep
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)
Sleep phase where lucid dreams occur
Sedatives
Meds that induce a calming/relaxing effect (benzodiazpines)
Sleep apnea
Lack of airflow through nose & mouth that > or = 10 sec during sleep
Sleep Deprivation
Lack of sleep caused by difficulty going or staying asleep
Sleep Hygiene
Routines that are necessary to have good sleep quality & duration with no signs of sleepiness during the day
Where is the sleep center located?
Hypothalamus
What does the Epworth Sleepiness Scale measure?
Evaluates severty of excessive daytime sleepiness
What are the factors that can disrupt sleep?
- Drugs
- Lifestyle patterns
- Emotional stress
- Environment
- Diet
- Exercise right before bed
Why are older adults more likely to be aroused from sleep?
NREM stages 3&4(delta) start to decline(deep sleep stages)
Insomnia is common among what age group?
Middle adults (35-65)
Older & middle adults are more likely to experience sleep disturbances due to what?
Reduced NREM sleep (physical & psychological repair)
What are the primary functions of sleep?
- Restore organ functions
- Tissue recovery
- Cognitive restoration
What does the sleep center secrete to promote wakefulness & REM sleep?
Hypocretins(orexins)
What system of the brain maintains wakefulness & alertness?
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
What does the RAS secrete to maintain wakefulness & alertness?
Adrenaline
What does the sleep center secrete to control sleep?
- Prosta D2
- L-tryptophan
- Growth factors
What is the purpose of the Pitssburgh Sleep Index?
Assess sleep quality & patterns
What is this scale?
The visual analog scale
Define: Sleep Disorders
Conditions that cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in one of three problems:
- Insomnia
- Abnormal movements/sensation during sleep or when waking up at night
- excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
Define: Transient Insomnia
Insomnia caused by daily stressors
Name the 3 types of sleep apnea
- Central
- Obstructive
- Mixed
Common conditions that lead to central apnea?
- Encephalitis
- muscular dystrophy
- brain stem injury
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
- Obesity
- Hypertension
What are some ways to manage narcolepsy?
- Antidepressants
- Exercise
- Naps <20 min
- Chewing gum
- Good Sleep hygiene
What are the common symptoms of narcolepsy?
- EDS
- Cataplexy
- Vivid dreams
- Sleep paralysis
Define: Parasomnias
Sleep disorders common in children
List the type of parasomnias
- Somnambulism (sleep walking)
- Nightmares
- Nocturnal eneuresis (bed wetting)
- Body rocking
- Bruxism (grinding teeth)
The presence of parasomnias is an indication of what?
Serious disorder
What are some nursing assessment questions for the root cause of sleep problems.
- Describe for me they type of sleep problem you are having
- Why do you think you’re not getting enough sleep?
- Describe a recent night of sleep, how does it differ from your usual pattern?
What are some nursing assessment questions for the signs & symptoms of a sleep problem?
- Do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up?
- Has anyone complained that you snore loudly?
- Do you have any headaches upon waking up?
What are some nuring assessment questions for the onset & durations of S/S?
- When did you notice the problem?
- What do you do to reliee the symptom?
- How long has this gone on for?
Wht are some nursing assessment questions for assessing the severity of a sleep problem?
- How long does it take you to fall asleep?
- How often do you have trouble falling asleep?
- How many hours of sleep/ night did you get this week?
What are some nursing assessment questons for assessing predisposing factors to sleep problems?
- What do you do just before bed?
- How is your mood? Has it changed recently?
- Does anyone in your family have a history of sleep problems?
What are some nursing assessment questions for assessing how the sleep problem has effected the patient?
- How has the loss of sleep affected you?
- Do you feel excessively sleepy, irritable, or have trouble concentrating during the day?
- Do you have trouble staying awake?
What are the appropriate nursing Dx for sleep alterations?
- Anxiety
- Ineffective Breathing Pattern
- Acute Confusion
- Ineffective Coping
- Insomnia
- Fatigue
- Disturbed Sleep Pattern
- Sleep Deprivation
- Readiness for Enhanced Sleep
- Compromised Family Coping
