Chapter 11 Developmental Theories Flashcards
List the 8 stages of Erickson’s Psychosocial Development (TRUST the AUTO IN INDUSTRY, IDENTIFY with INTIMATE GENIUSES with INTEGRITY)
TRUST- Trust vs. mistrust the AUTO- Autonomy vs shame & doubt IN- Initiative vs Guilt INDUSTRY- Industry vs inferiority IDENTIFY- Identity vs Role confusion with INTIMATE- Intimacy vs isolation GENIUSES- Generality vs Stagnation with INTEGRITY- Integrity vs despair
List the 5 stagess of Piagets cognitive/moral development (Smart People Cook Fish For Piaget)
Smart- Sensorimotor People- Preoperational Cook- Concrete operations Fish- Formal operations for Piaget- Post-formal thought (most don't reach this stage)
List the 3 levels of Kohlbergs Dev for moral reasoning(PRE-CON-POST)
PRE- conventional
CONventional
POST conventional
Name the two stages of the proconventional level of moral development(POO-IOu)
Punishment-obedience orientation Instrumental Orientation (u)
Name the 2 stages of Conventional morality(Good boys & girls follow the law)
Good boys & girls follow the law
Good Boy-Nice Girl orientation
Law & Order orientation
Name the 2 stages of Post conventional Morality (Social Contract to the Legal Universal & Ethical Principles)
Social Contract & legalistic Orientation
Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
List the 5 Stages of Freuds Thory of Psychosocial Dev (Orange Animals Punish Lazy Goats)
Orange- Oral Animals- Anal Punish- Phallic Lazy- Latent Goats- Genital
What is biophysical development?
How our physical bodies grow & change
What is Gesell’s Theory of Development?
That each child’s pattern of growth is unique & each pattern is directed by gene activity
What is Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development based on?
The development of personality results from how an individual resolves conflicts between sources of pleasure & the rules of reality
What did Freud believe human personality resulted in?
ID( internal desires) Ego(Ones sense of self) Super ego(Conscience)
What is Temperament?
A behavior style that affects an individual’s emotional interactions with others
List the types of temperament
Easy child
Difficult child
Slow to war up child
What is Havinghurst’s activity theory based on?
Continuing an active lifestyle results in greater satisfaction & well being in aging
What is the stage crises theory?
The thought that each age range has multiple challenges to over come that are influenced by physical maturation, personal values, & the pressures from society
List the Stage crisis ranges
infancy- 2 days to 1 yr Toddlers- 1-3yrs Preschoolers- 3-6 yrs School age children- 6-12 yrs Adolescents- 12-20 yrs Young adults- 20-35yrs Middle adults- 35-65yrs Old adults- 65+yrs
What age range does the sensorimotor stage occur?
birth- 2yrs
What age range does the preoperational stage occur?
2-7yrs
What age range does the concrete operational stage occur?
7-11yrs
What age range does the formal operations stage occur?
11 yrs to adulthood
What stage of Piaget’s cognitive theory do individuals sometimes never reach?
5th stage of post formal thought
What does Piaget’s 5th stage of post formal thought involve?
Increasing cognitive flexibility and the transition from gaining knowledge to using them to achieve goals
Occurs when a person finds balance between basic human rights & obligations & societal rules & regulations
Kohlbergs Level 3: Postconventional reasoning
When moral reasoning is based on internalization of societal and peer expectations
Kohlbergs Level 2: Conventional reasoning
When Children always ask why?
Kohlbergs Level 1: preconventional reasoning
List the age ranges for Freud’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Oral- birth to 12-18mths Anal- 12-18mths to 3yrs Phallic- 3-6 yrs Latent- 6-12yrs Genital- puberty- adulthood
How do developmental theories help nurses use critical thinking skills?
By helping them understand why people in certain age ranges respond the way they , also allows them to predict behavior
How do psychosocial factors describe human development?
From the view of personality, thinking, & behavior with varying degrees of influence from internal & external sources
Each task is framed with opposing conflicts & tasks, once mastered are challenged & tested again during times of stress/conflict. What Developmental theory is this rule from?
Erikson’s theory of psyhosocial development
Individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully mastering the stage & proceeding to the next stage. Failure can lead to underdeveloped emotionality, What developmental theory does this fall under?
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
