Chapter 11 Developmental Theories

Question 1

List the 8 stages of Erickson’s Psychosocial Development (TRUST the AUTO IN INDUSTRY, IDENTIFY with INTIMATE GENIUSES with INTEGRITY)

Answer 1

TRUST- Trust vs. mistrust
the
AUTO- Autonomy vs shame & doubt
IN- Initiative vs Guilt
INDUSTRY- Industry vs inferiority
IDENTIFY- Identity vs Role confusion
with
INTIMATE- Intimacy vs isolation
GENIUSES- Generality vs Stagnation
with
INTEGRITY- Integrity vs despair

Question 2

List the 5 stagess of Piagets cognitive/moral development (Smart People Cook Fish For Piaget)

Answer 2

Smart- Sensorimotor
People- Preoperational
Cook- Concrete operations
Fish- Formal operations
for
Piaget- Post-formal thought (most don't reach this stage)

Question 3

List the 3 levels of Kohlbergs Dev for moral reasoning(PRE-CON-POST)

Answer 3

PRE- conventional
CONventional
POST conventional

Question 4

Name the two stages of the proconventional level of moral development(POO-IOu)

Answer 4

Punishment-obedience orientation
Instrumental Orientation (u)

Question 5

Name the 2 stages of Conventional morality(Good boys & girls follow the law)

Answer 5

Good boys & girls follow the law
Good Boy-Nice Girl orientation
Law & Order orientation

Question 6

Name the 2 stages of Post conventional Morality (Social Contract to the Legal Universal & Ethical Principles)

Answer 6

Social Contract & legalistic Orientation

Universal Ethical Principles Orientation

Question 7

List the 5 Stages of Freuds Thory of Psychosocial Dev (Orange Animals Punish Lazy Goats)

Answer 7

Orange- Oral
Animals- Anal
Punish- Phallic
Lazy- Latent
Goats- Genital

Question 8

What is biophysical development?

Answer 8

How our physical bodies grow & change

Question 9

What is Gesell’s Theory of Development?

Answer 9

That each child’s pattern of growth is unique & each pattern is directed by gene activity

Question 10

What is Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development based on?

Answer 10

The development of personality results from how an individual resolves conflicts between sources of pleasure & the rules of reality

Question 11

What did Freud believe human personality resulted in?

Answer 11

ID( internal desires)
Ego(Ones sense of self)
Super ego(Conscience)

Question 12

What is Temperament?

Answer 12

A behavior style that affects an individual’s emotional interactions with others

Question 13

List the types of temperament

Answer 13

Easy child
Difficult child
Slow to war up child

Question 14

What is Havinghurst’s activity theory based on?

Answer 14

Continuing an active lifestyle results in greater satisfaction & well being in aging

Question 15

What is the stage crises theory?

Answer 15

The thought that each age range has multiple challenges to over come that are influenced by physical maturation, personal values, & the pressures from society

Question 16

List the Stage crisis ranges

Answer 16

infancy- 2 days to 1 yr
Toddlers- 1-3yrs
Preschoolers- 3-6 yrs
School age children- 6-12 yrs
Adolescents- 12-20 yrs
Young adults- 20-35yrs
Middle adults- 35-65yrs
Old adults- 65+yrs

Question 17

What age range does the sensorimotor stage occur?

Answer 17

birth- 2yrs

Question 18

What age range does the preoperational stage occur?

Answer 18

2-7yrs

Question 19

What age range does the concrete operational stage occur?

Answer 19

7-11yrs

Question 20

What age range does the formal operations stage occur?

Answer 20

11 yrs to adulthood

Question 21

What stage of Piaget’s cognitive theory do individuals sometimes never reach?

Answer 21

5th stage of post formal thought

Question 22

What does Piaget’s 5th stage of post formal thought involve?

Answer 22

Increasing cognitive flexibility and the transition from gaining knowledge to using them to achieve goals

Question 23

Occurs when a person finds balance between basic human rights & obligations & societal rules & regulations

Answer 23

Kohlbergs Level 3: Postconventional reasoning

Question 24

When moral reasoning is based on internalization of societal and peer expectations

Answer 24

Kohlbergs Level 2: Conventional reasoning

Question 25

When Children always ask why?

Answer 25

Kohlbergs Level 1: preconventional reasoning

Question 26

List the age ranges for Freud’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 26

Oral- birth to 12-18mths
Anal- 12-18mths to 3yrs
Phallic- 3-6 yrs
Latent- 6-12yrs
Genital- puberty- adulthood

Question 27

How do developmental theories help nurses use critical thinking skills?

Answer 27

By helping them understand why people in certain age ranges respond the way they , also allows them to predict behavior

Question 28

How do psychosocial factors describe human development?

Answer 28

From the view of personality, thinking, & behavior with varying degrees of influence from internal & external sources

Question 29

Each task is framed with opposing conflicts & tasks, once mastered are challenged & tested again during times of stress/conflict. What Developmental theory is this rule from?

Answer 29

Erikson’s theory of psyhosocial development

Question 30

Individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully mastering the stage & proceeding to the next stage. Failure can lead to underdeveloped emotionality, What developmental theory does this fall under?

Answer 30

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development