Ati: Development of infants (2 days to 1 yr) Flashcards
How much birth weight is lost in the first few days of birth?
5-10% of total weight but it is regained withing 2 wks
How much weight is gained within the first 6 months for infants?
5-7oz (150-210g) per month
In infants what are the key indicators of growth?
Crown to rump
Head to heel
Head & chest circumference
A new mother complains of little soft long hairs growing on infants back. Would you say that this is normal, what is this called?
Normal, Called Lanugo
What is molding?
Overlapping of the soft skull bones which allows fetal head to fit through birth canal, Fontanels are palpable
What are the expected reflexes in infants?
Startling, suckling
Plantar & palmar grasp
Babinski, grasping, yawning, coughing
As a nurse what s the purpose of testing for presence of infant reflexes?
Identify neurological damage
What does the body position look like for a typical infant?
Flexed at rest
Symmetrical movement of all 4 extremities
What does a typical sleep pattern look like for infants?
Reversed(vampire baby)
15 hrs of sleep per night
List the expected cognitive development for infants
Learn to respond to visual stimulation
Cry as form of communication & reflect their physiological & caring needs
You notice at 2 weeks after birth the infant starts to mimic your smile, what is this a sign of?
Normal Psychosocial development
Positive interactions of the infant & caregiver lead to what?
Attachment & nurturing
when does the posterior fontanel normally close?
2-3 months
When does the anterior fontanel normally close?
12-18 months
An older infant gains how much weight by 4-6 months?
2x birth weight
AN older infant gains how much weight by the end of the first year?
3x birth weight
In the first 6 months how tall does the infant grow per month?
1 inch per month
For the second half of the first year an infant grows how tall per month until the end of the first year?
0.5 in per month
An infants head circumference grows how much in the first 6 months?
0.5 inches
An infants head circumference grows how much in the second half of the first year?
0.5 cm(0.2in) per month
How much teeth erupt in an infant by the end of the first year?
6-8 teeth
What can you use in a teething infant to alleviate the pain?
Cold teeth rings, OTC teething gels, & acetaminophen or ibuprofen
How do you clean the teeth of a teething infant?
Use a cool wet & clean washcloth
Why is it important to not give infants a bottle before bed or for a prolong period of time?
it can lead to dental carries: Bottle-mouth carries
An infant recognizes the world & thinks in the form of what?
Symbols
When does an infant develop object permanence? what does this mean?
9 mnths, this is a sign of developing memory
You notice that your infant is touching tasting all kinds of objects & is also exploring their environment more, what does this mean?
The infant learned that they are separate from the environment & others
How much words can an infant speak?
2-3 word phrases
The infant can pronounce how much syllables?
1 syllable words
An infant begins to respond to noises, & comprehend simple commands, what does this indicate?
Language development
When does the infant develop separation anxiety?
4-8mnths
When does the infant develop stranger fear?
6-8mnths
Separation recognition is a result of what?
The infant recognizing that they are separate from env. leading to them responding to people around them
What is the goal of Trust vs Mistrust?
Establish attachment through meeting infants needs with positive interaction
When do infants distingui themselves from their parents?
By the end of the first year
What are the Body image changes in infants?
Discover mouth produces pleasure
Play with hands & feet
Smiles
What kind of play do infants engage in?
Solitary play
What kind of toys can infants play with?
Those that stimulate the senses:
Rattles, teething toys, hand games, reading books
What should parents screen their infants for?
Metabolic disorders: PKU & galactasemia
During the first year what immunizations are giver to the infant?
Hep B Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis RotaVirus Polio Influenza Pneumococcal pneumonia
When can you start introducing solids to an infant?
around 4-6 mths
When can a mother wean off from breast milk?
When the infant can drink from a cup
What are some feeding alternatives?
Iron fortified formula, Never give cows milk before age 1 (insufficient nutrients)
What foods must be avoided in the first 6 months?
ilk, eggs, wheat, citrus fruits, peanuts, & peanut butter
What food can cause infant botulism if given under 12 months?
Honey
