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NURS 202: Tech of Nurs Prac > Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Balance > Flashcards

Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

intracellular fluids are basic or acidic?

A

acidic

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2
Q

What percentage of body weight is water?

A

60% norm, 50% old, women less than men, less in obese people. 70-80% infant

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3
Q

Difference between ECF and ICF

A

Extracellular is intravascular/interstitial. Intracellular is cytosol w/ in cell.

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4
Q

Define transcellular fluid

A

cerebrospinal, pleural, synovial, parietal

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5
Q

What makes up the 42L of fluid inside us?

A

28L intracellular fluid, 11L interstitial fluid, 3L intravascular fluid

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6
Q

Name some cations in bodily fluids

A

Na, K, Ca, Mg

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7
Q

Name some anions in bodily fluids

A

Cl, bicarbonate (HCO3)

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8
Q

What is a salt?

A

Cations and anions combined

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9
Q

What is mEq/L?

A

Milliequivalents per liter

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10
Q

What is mmol/L?

A

Millimoles per liter

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11
Q

Define osmailty

A

of particles/kg of water

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12
Q

Define tonicity

A

Particle concentration in ECF that is not cell membrane permeable

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13
Q

Define isotonic

A

Particle concentration in ECF that is cell membrane permeable b/c it is the same as the inside of cell

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14
Q

Difference between diffusion, osmosis, and filtration?

A

Diffusion: water and particles move. Osmosis: water moves. Filtration: flows between vascular/interstitial w/ hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

Define colloids

A

Albumin/other proteins. Larger than glucose, electrolytes, other molecules that dissolve easily. Too large to leave capillaries, stays in blood

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16
Q

What pushes colloids back into capillaries?

A

Colloid osmotic pressure/Oncotic pressure

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17
Q

Fluid leaves capillary because

A

Hydrostatic pressure is strong

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18
Q

Fluid enters venous entrance at cap bed because

A

Hydrostatic pressure is weaker and osmotic pressure is stronger

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19
Q

What is a healthy adults average daily fluid intake?

A

2300ml

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20
Q

What happens when plasma osmolality increases?

A

Osmoreceptors are triggered and hypothalamus makes you thirsty

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21
Q

How much fluid is lost with stool passage?

A

100ml

22
Q

What is ADH?

A

Antidiuretic hormone regulates osmolarity. Made is posterior pituitary gland. Tells renal cells to take water from renal tubular and put back in blood.

23
Q

What is RAAS?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Kidneys release renin, which is turned into angiotensin one y liver, which is turned into angiotensin 2 by lungs, which is turned into aldosterone by adrenal cortex. This makes pt reabsorb sodium/water.

24
Q

What is ANP?

A

Atrial Naturetic Peptides. Heart realizes there is too much volume for it to push out so it releases ANP which increases sodium/water loss.

25
Q

Difference between hyper/hypocalcemia

A

Hypo: Ion isn’t bound to something (citrate). Associated w/ pancreatitis. Hyperactive reflexesHyper: Lung/breast cancers affect thyroid which makes hormone that decalcifies bones. Decreases neuromuscular excitability.

26
Q

Difference between acids and bases

A

Acid: release H+ Base: takes up H+. PH 1 acid, PH 14 basic.

27
Q

What is the PH of adult blood?

A

7.35-7.45

28
Q

What does ABG track?

A

acid base balance of blood

29
Q

What are the two types of acid?

A

Metabolic (kidneys) and carbonic acid (lungs).

30
Q

Name the biggest ECF buffer system

A

Bicarbonate buffer system: HCO3. Bicarb + H=carb acid. The more this reaction happens the less acidic, more basic. Ratio 20 bicarb to 1 carbonic acid.

31
Q

Difference between metabolic Alk/Acid

A

Acid: Sudden increase of metabolic acid/decrease in bicarb. confusion, excitement. Alk: increase in bicarb, decrease metabolic acid. From vomiting/gastric suction. causes hypo ventilation to increase acidity. No severe neuro symptoms.

32
Q

Difference between Resp Acid/Alk

A

Acid: Sympt start after 24 hrs. CSF/neuro affect after 3-5 days = decreased LOC. Alk: hyper vent, short lived so not comp from kidneys. Excitement, confusion w/ short episodes. CNS depression is long episode.

33
Q

Difference between crystalloids and colloids

A

Crystal: electrolytes, NaCl fluids. Colloids: blood/blood component

34
Q

What is PN?

A

Parenteral nutrition. IV admin complex, highly concern solution containing nutrients/electrolytes. CVC from higher osmo. Peripheral lower osmo.

35
Q

Define extravasation

A

Tissue damage from infiltration

36
Q

Define phlebitis

A

inflammation of vein from chemical, mechanical, infectious

37
Q

Describe blood types

A

A: RBC A antig anti-B antibodies plasma
B: RBC B antig anti-A antibodies plasma
AB: RBC A/B antig NO antibodies plasma
O: RBC NO antibodiers, anti-B/A antibodies plasma
O- EVERYONE

38
Q

What is Rh?

A

Another blood antigen. If a pt is Rh negative they can only receive Rh negative blood products

39
Q

Define autologous transfusion

A

Collection/reinfusion of pts own blood. Lasts up to 6 weeks.

40
Q

How long should blood transfusion take?

A

2-4 hours. After 4 risk fro infection increases.

41
Q

Bolus infusion of citrated blood can lead to

A

Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia, metabolic alkalosis.

42
Q

How do you use weight to determine amount of fluid in a patient?

A

1 kg = 1 liter of fluid

43
Q

How much ice is equivalent to how much fluid intake?

A

100 mL of ice = 50 mL volume

44
Q

Name different ways to assess for nutrition

A

Diet hx
I&O
BMI (skin folds, waist-hip ratio)
Lab tests
Physical exam
Dysphagia

45
Q

Define Cachexia

A

wasting away from malnutrition

46
Q

Define Kwashiorkor

A

distended bellies (usually in children due to lack of protein)

47
Q

Some signs of malnutrition

A
  • Depigmentation of the hair (specifically hair that is unpigmented due to malnutrition)
  • Beefy red tongue
  • Spoon-shaped nail
  • Beading of the ribs (they stick out in bumps)
48
Q

Define Kylosis

A

thickening of the skin (specifically around the mouth)

49
Q

Define Conjunctival injection

A

edness of the sclera

50
Q

Define Ricketts

A

Bowing of legs

51
Q

Aspiration precautions

A

Positioning- 90 degrees with a chin tuck (not the cosmetic version)
s/s
Assess: mental status and medications
Provide thick liquids as needed
Adjust pace of eating
Suspected aspiration -> suction upper lungs or heimlich maneuver

NURS 202: Tech of Nurs Prac (13 decks)

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