Chapter 42 Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

Acidosis

Question 2

Alkalosis

Question 3

Anion Gap

Question 4

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

Question 5

Autologous Transfusion

Question 6

Buffers

Question 7

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Answer 7

AKA oncotic pressure. Inward pulling force caused by blood proteins that help move fluid from the interstitial area back into the capillaries.

Question 8

Colloids

Answer 8

Proteins such as Albumin

Question 9

Crystalloids

Question 10

ECF Extracellular Fluids

Answer 10

Fluid outside the cells

Question 11

ECV Deficit

Answer 11

Present when there is insufficient isotonic fluid int the extracellular compartment.

Question 12

ECV Excess

Answer 12

Occurs when there is too much isotonic fluid in the extracellular compartment (edema)

Question 13

Extravasation

Question 14

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 14

Force of the fluid pressing outward against a surface.

Question 15

Hypercalcemia

Question 16

Hypercalcemia

Answer 16

High calcium; common in patients with lung and breast cancer because cancer cells secrete chemicals into the blood related to PTH.

Question 17

Hyperkalemia

Answer 17

High potassium; at risk are patients with oliguria and patients that use salt substitutes.

Muscle weakness, life threatening dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest

Question 18

Hypermagnesemia

Question 19

Hypernatremia

Answer 19

Water deficit

Question 20

Hypertonic

Answer 20

Fluid tonicity is more concentrated than the blood. Water from inside of the cell leaves to the outside causing the cell to shrink.

D5LR, 3%NS, NS With K

Question 21

Hypocalcemia

Answer 21

Low calcium. Common in patients that have developed pancreatitis because calcium binds to undigested fat in feces and is excreted.

Examples:

Question 22

Hypokalemia

Answer 22

Low potassium; common causes diarrhea, vomiting, k wasting diuretics.

Muscle weakness that can affect respiratory muscles, life threatening dysrhythmias.

Question 23

Hypomagnesemia

Question 24

Hyponatremia

Answer 24

Water intoxication

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Fluid tonicity is less than the cellular tonicity. Fluid enters the cell where there is more solute and it causes the cell to swell.

1/2 NS, 1/4 NS

Question 26

Hypovolemia

Answer 26

Decreased vascular volume (ECV Deficit)

Question 27

Infiltration

Question 28

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 28

Fluid located between the cells and outside the blood vessels

Question 29

ICF Intracellular Fluid

Answer 29

Fluid inside the cells

Question 30

Intravascular Fluid

Answer 30

Fluid part of the blood

Question 31

Isotonic

Answer 31

Equal tonicity between fluid and the blood

NS, LR

Question 32

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 33

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 34

Osmolarity

Answer 34

Number of particles per kg of water

Question 35

Osmosis

Answer 35

How water moves across the cell membrane based on concentration

Question 36

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 36

Inward pulling force caused by particles in the fluid

Question 37

Phlebitis

Question 38

Respiratory Acidodis

Question 39

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 40

Transfusion Reaction

Question 41

VAD Vascular Access Device

Question 42

Venipuncture