Chapter 4.1: Advanced Correlational Studies

Question 1

Means that there is a relationship between two or more variables but
the relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect.

Answer 1

Correlation

Question 2

It allows us to discover the
strength and direction of relationships that exist between two
variables.

Answer 2

Correlational research

Question 3

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the
other, it could also be that some other factor, a _______ variable, is
actually causing the systematic movement in out variables of interest.

Answer 3

Confounding Variable

Question 4

indicates a measure of the direction and strength of a relationship
between two variables.

Answer 4

“r”

Question 5

Correlation coefficient below .35 show only a _____ relationship between
variables.

Answer 5

Slight

Question 6

Correlations between .40 and .60 may have ________ and/or _____ value
depending on a context.

Answer 6

Theoretical/Practical

Question 7

Only when a correlation of .65 or higher is obtained can _____ ______ ______ be made.

Answer 7

Reasonably accurate predictions

Question 8

Correlation over .85 indicate a ________ ______ ______ between the variables
correlated

Answer 8

Very strong relationship

Question 9

both variables move in the same direction together

Answer 9

Positive Correlation

Question 10

meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down

Answer 10

Negative Correlation

Question 11

the correlation statistic does not indicate a relationship
between two variables.

Answer 11

Zero correlation

Question 12

“r” value:
0.00 =

Answer 12

zero correlation

Question 13

“r” value:
0.01 - 0.20 =

Answer 13

negligible correlation

Question 14

“r” value:
0.21 - 0.40 =

Answer 14

low correlation

Question 15

“r” value:
0.41 - 0.70 =

Answer 15

moderate correlation

Question 16

“r” value:
0.71 - 0.90 =

Answer 16

high correlation

Question 17

“r” value:
0.91 - 0.99 =

Answer 17

very high correlation

Question 18

Used to plot variables on a chart
to observe the association or
relationships between them.

Answer 18

Scatter Plots

Question 19

The variable that is used to make the prediction is called

Answer 19

prediction variable.

Question 20

The variable about which the prediction is made is called

Answer 20

criterion variable.

Question 21

A predicted score is never..?

Answer 21

Exact

Question 22

Types of Correlational Research:
Involves observing and recording variables of interest in a natural setting
without interference or manipulation.

Answer 22

Naturalistic Observation

Question 23

Types of Correlational Research:
* Can collect large amounts of data in a short amount of time.
* Flexible, cheap, easy and fast.
* Outcomes can be affected by participants.

Answer 23

Surveys

Question 24

Types of Correlational Research:
* Many areas of psychological research benefit from analyzing studies that
were conducted long ago by other researchers, as well as reviewing
historical records and case studies.

Answer 24

Archival Research

Question 25

a technique that enables a researcher to determine a correlation between a criterion
variable and the best combination of two or more predictor variables.

Answer 25

Multiple regression

Question 26

a technique that allows a researcher to determine whether many variables can be described
by a few factors.

Answer 26

Factor analysis

Question 27

a technique used to test the likelihood to test the likelihood of causal connections among three
or more variables.

Answer 27

Path analysis