Chapter 4.1: Advanced Correlational Studies Flashcards
Means that there is a relationship between two or more variables but
the relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect.
Correlation
It allows us to discover the
strength and direction of relationships that exist between two
variables.
Correlational research
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the
other, it could also be that some other factor, a _______ variable, is
actually causing the systematic movement in out variables of interest.
Confounding Variable
indicates a measure of the direction and strength of a relationship
between two variables.
“r”
Correlation coefficient below .35 show only a _____ relationship between
variables.
Slight
Correlations between .40 and .60 may have ________ and/or _____ value
depending on a context.
Theoretical/Practical
Only when a correlation of .65 or higher is obtained can _____ ______ ______ be made.
Reasonably accurate predictions
Correlation over .85 indicate a ________ ______ ______ between the variables
correlated
Very strong relationship
both variables move in the same direction together
Positive Correlation
meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down
Negative Correlation
the correlation statistic does not indicate a relationship
between two variables.
Zero correlation
“r” value:
0.00 =
zero correlation
“r” value:
0.01 - 0.20 =
negligible correlation
“r” value:
0.21 - 0.40 =
low correlation
“r” value:
0.41 - 0.70 =
moderate correlation
“r” value:
0.71 - 0.90 =
high correlation
“r” value:
0.91 - 0.99 =
very high correlation
Used to plot variables on a chart
to observe the association or
relationships between them.
Scatter Plots
The variable that is used to make the prediction is called
prediction variable.
The variable about which the prediction is made is called
criterion variable.
A predicted score is never..?
Exact
Types of Correlational Research:
Involves observing and recording variables of interest in a natural setting
without interference or manipulation.
Naturalistic Observation
Types of Correlational Research:
* Can collect large amounts of data in a short amount of time.
* Flexible, cheap, easy and fast.
* Outcomes can be affected by participants.
Surveys
Types of Correlational Research:
* Many areas of psychological research benefit from analyzing studies that
were conducted long ago by other researchers, as well as reviewing
historical records and case studies.
Archival Research
a technique that enables a researcher to determine a correlation between a criterion
variable and the best combination of two or more predictor variables.
Multiple regression
a technique that allows a researcher to determine whether many variables can be described
by a few factors.
Factor analysis
a technique used to test the likelihood to test the likelihood of causal connections among three
or more variables.
Path analysis
