Chapter 40 - Animal Form And Function

Question 1

\_\_\_ = study of structure
\_\_\_ = study of the function of the cells

Do they always work together?

Answer 1

Anatomy
Physiology

Yes

Question 2

What are the 2 main body cavities?

Answer 2

• dorsal

* ventral

Question 3

What are the cavities in the dorsal body cavity?

Answer 3

• cranial (brain)

* vertebral (spinal cord)

Question 4

What are the cavities in the ventral body cavity?

Answer 4

• thoracic (heart and lungs)
• abdominal (digestive viscera)
• pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)

Question 5

What are the different fluid compartments?

Answer 5

• intracellular

* extracellular (= interstitial fluid + plasma)

Question 6

What are the different internal systems that exchange with the environment ? (4)

Answer 6

• digestive
• respiratory
• circulatory
• excretory

Question 7

What are the organ systems?

Answer 7

• digestive
• circulatory
• respiratory
• immune and lymphatic
• excretory
• endocrine
• reproductive
• nervous
• integumentary
• skeletal
• muscular

Question 8

What are 4 different types of tissues in the body?

Answer 8

• epithelial
• connective
• muscle
• nervous

Question 9

What tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities?

Answer 9

Epithelial

Question 10

What are the types of cell organisation of epithelial tissues?

Answer 10

• cuboidal
• simple columnar
• simple squamous
• pseudostratified
• stratified

Question 11

What are 2 ways of classifying epithelial cells?

Answer 11

• shape : cuboidal, columnar, squamous

* arrangement : simple, stratified, pseudo-stratified

Question 12

Different between stratified and pseudo stratified?

Answer 12

Pseudo stratified: simple layer, every single cell has a different shape. Not stratified.

Stratified: multiple layers (skin)

Question 13

Particularity of epithelial cells

Answer 13

Are polarized

Question 14

Which tissue has a role of binding and support?

Answer 14

Connective

Question 15

6 major subtypes of connective tissue

Answer 15

• loose CT
• fibrous CT
• bone
• adipose tissue
• cartilage
• blood

Question 16

Which tissue is responsible for nearly all types of body movement?

Answer 16

Muscle

Question 17

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

Answer 17

• skeletal
• cardiac
• smooth

Question 18

Which tissue functions in the receipt, processing and transmission of information?

Answer 18

Nervous

Question 19

What are nervous tissues made of?

Answer 19

• neurons

- glia

Question 20

What are neurons made of?

Answer 20

• cell body with nucleus
• dendrites
• axon

Question 21

What are glial cela useful for?

Answer 21

They assist neurons by providing insulation, nutrients, replenishment.

Question 22

Signalling is done by 2 systems, what are they?
What is the response limited to?
What does the signal travel along?

Answer 22

• endocrine (hormones)
  Limited to cells that have the receptor for the signals.
  Signal travels everywhere via bloodstream.
• nervous (neurons)
  Limited to cells that connect by specialized junctions to an axon that transmits an impulse.
  Signal travels along axon to a specific location.