Chapter 20 - DNA Tools And Biotechnology

Question 1

___ = the foundation of virtually every technique used in genetic engineering

Answer 1

Nucleic acid hybridization

Question 2

___ = the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.

Answer 2

Genetically engineering

Question 3

What are the different DNA sequencing techniques?

Answer 3

• dideoxy chain termination method
• next generation sequencing
• third generation sequencing

Question 4

What are the 3 phases of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Answer 4

1. Denaturation
2. Annealing stage
3. Extension

Question 5

What technique uses:

• reverse transcriptase
• PCR
• gel electrophoresis

Answer 5

RT-PCR analysis

Question 6

Which method is used to know if a gene was expressed?

Answer 6

RT- PCR analysis

Question 7

What is cDNA?

Answer 7

Complementary DNA, is a dsDNA

Question 8

Genome wide expression studies can be carried out using ___

Answer 8

DNA microarray assays

Question 9

What is a way of determining gene function?

Answer 9

In vitro mutagenesis

Question 10

What does SNP stand for?

Answer 10

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 11

How many sheep are required for sheep cloning?

Answer 11

3:
- mammary cell donor
- egg cell donor
- surrogate mother

Question 12

The lamb Dolly is identical to which sheep?

Answer 12

The mammary cell donor

Question 13

What are the 3 types of stem cells?

Answer 13

• totipotent
• pluripotent
• multipotent

Question 14

Plant stem cells are

Answer 14

Totipotent

Question 15

Embryonic stem cells are

Answer 15

Pluripotent

Question 16

___ cells resemble embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate

Answer 16

iPS (induces pluripotent stem cells)

Question 17

What can gene therapy use?

Answer 17

A retroviral vector (= a harmless retrovirus)

Question 18

True/False

The DNA sequence of every person is unique

Answer 18

False

- identical twins

Question 19

What are STR

Answer 19

Short tandem repeats