Chapter 4: Works of Rizal

Question 1

it refers to the doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles belonging to an individual or a group

Answer 1

Ideology

Question 2

• It is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law.
• It sought to replace the norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, the divine right of kings and traditional conservatism with representative democracy and the rule of law

Answer 2

Liberalism

Question 3

Poems of Rizal (9)

include the year it was published

Answer 3

1) Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Chilren) - 1869*
2) Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light) - 1876
3) A la Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) - 1879
4) Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) - 1888
5) A las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) - 1886
6) El Canto de Maria Clara (The Song of Maria Clara) - 1887
7) Himno a Talisay (Hymn to Talisay) - 1895
8) Mi Retiro (My Retreat) - 1895
9) Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) - 1896

Question 4

• This was written originally in Tagalog when Rizal was eight years old.
• Thought: We must love and speak our national language.

Answer 4

Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Chilren) - 1869*

Question 5

3rd stanza:
Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue
Is worse than any beast or evil smelling fish.
To make our language richer ought to be our wish
The same as any mother loves to feed her young

title of work

Answer 5

Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Chilren) - 1869*

Question 6

• This poem was written in Spanish while he was a student in Ateneo.
• Thought: Education is power. It emancipates our motherland from ignorance and oppression.

Answer 6

Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light) - 1876

Question 7

1st stanza:
The vital breath of prudent Education
Instills a virtue of enhancing power;
She lifts the motherland to highest station.
And endless dazzling glories on her shower,
And as the zephyr’s gentle exhaltation
Revives the matrix of the fragrant flower,
So education multiplies her gift of grace;
With prudent hand imparts them to the human race.

title of work

Answer 7

Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light) - 1876

Question 8

• This was the winning poem of Rizal in a literary contest for students in the University of Sto. Tomas.
• The Philippines is the indio’s motherland and not “Mother Spain’s.”

Answer 8

A la Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) - 1879

Question 9

1st stanza:
Hold high the brow serene,
O youth, where now you stand;
Let the bright sheen
Of your grace be seen,
Fair hope of my fatherland!

title of work

Answer 9

A la Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) - 1879

Question 10

• This was the poem for the village of Lipa, Batangas dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa in connection of the inaugural fiesta of the village.
• Hard work for the motherland. Respect the dignity of labor.

Answer 10

Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) - 1888

Question 11

2nd stanza:
As soon as the East is tinted with light
Forth to the fields to plow the loam!
Since it is work that sustain the man!
The motherland, family and the home,
Implacable the sun above,
For motherland, our wives and babes.
“I” will be easy with our love.

title of work

Answer 11

Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) - 1888

Question 12

• He wrote this poem, under the pen-name Laong Laan, during his first experience of spring in Germany. While in Heidelberg, Rizal used to stroll along the cool banks of the Neckar River and the scenery reminded him of his native land.
• Rizal’s love of nature, and of his native land.

Answer 12

A las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) - 1886

Question 13

1st stanza:
Go to my native land, go, foreign flowers.
Sown by the traveler on his way;
And there, beneath its azure sky,
Where all my affection lie;
There from the weary pilgrim say,
What faith is his that land of ours

title of work

Answer 13

A las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) - 1886

Question 14

• This lyric found in his Noli Me Tangere.
• The sweetest and the highest virtue is to die for one’s country.

Answer 14

El Canto de Maria Clara (The Song of Maria Clara) - 1887

Question 15

Last stanza:
Sweet death for one’s native land
Where all is dear the sunbeams bless;
Death is the breeze that sweeps the strand,
Without a mother, home, or love’s caress

title of work

Answer 15

El Canto de Maria Clara (The Song of Maria Clara) - 1887

Question 16

• This poem was written by him in Dapitan dedicated to the piece of land he bought there. His boys used to sing this in their school. - This was published by Mariano Ponce in 1903.
• This was presented as one of the documentary evidences against Rizal for his alleged commission of the crime of treason.
• Fight for your rights and for the freedom of your country.

Answer 16

Himno a Talisay (Hymn to Talisay) - 1895

Question 17

2nd stanza:
We are youth not long on earth
But our souls are free from sorrow;
Calm, strong men we’ll be tomorrow,
Who can guard our familied rights.
Lads are we whom naught can frighten,
Whether thunder, waves, or rain,
Swift of arms, serene of mien
In peril, shall we wage our flights.

title of work

Answer 17

Himno a Talisay (Hymn to Talisay) - 1895

Question 18

• This poem is believed to be next best to the Last Farewell. He expressed his idealism concerning the ultimate triumph of his rights over might.
• The observance of the Masonic principles of equality, liberty and fraternity by nations in their dealings with one another

Answer 18

Mi Retiro (My Retreat) - 1895

Question 19

• This swan song was the last testament of Rizal’s nationalism wherein he reiterates and affirms his sentiment against the Church and against the oppressive government.
• “Man ought to die for his duty, for his principle, and for his country.”

Answer 19

Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) - 1896

Question 20

13th stanza:
My fatherland ador’d, that sadness to my sorrow lends,
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
I give thee all; parents and kindred and friends;
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends.
Where faith can never kill, and God reign e’er on high

title of work

Answer 20

Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) - 1896

Question 21

Rizal Speeches and Essays (3)

Include date written/published

Answer 21

1) Amor Patrio (Love of Country) - 1882
2) Rizal’s speech in honour of Hidalgo and Luna - June 1884
3) To the Young Women of Malolos - 1889

Question 22

• This was the first essay written by Rizal after he arrived in Barcelona under his pen-name Laong Laan, meaning “Ever Prepared.” This was published in the newspaper Diariong Tagalog, Manila.
• most potent and the most sublime.

Answer 22

Amor Patrio (Love of Country) - 1882

Question 23

It was always been said that love is the most
potent force behind the most sublime deeds,
very well, of all loves, the love of country is
what produced the greatest, the most heroic,
the most disinterested

title of work

Answer 23

Amor Patrio (Love of Country) - 1882

Question 24

• This speech was delivered in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at the banquet in Madrid. A contest was held in connection with a National Exhibition of Fine Arts given in Madrid, Luna was awarded the first prize (Spolarium) and Hidalgo, the honorable mention.
• “Genius knows no country, race, color, creed, or origin, because genius sprouts everywhere and it is cosmopolitan”

Answer 24

Rizal’s speech in honour of Hidalgo and Luna - June 1884

Question 25

Rizal said:
“Luna and Hidalgo are Spanish as well as Philippine glories. They were born in the Philippines but
they could have been in Spain, because genius knows no country, genius sprouts everywhere, genius is like
light, air, the patrimony of everybody, cosmopolitan like space, like life, like God.”

Answer 25

Rizal’s speech in honour of Hidalgo and Luna - June 1884

Question 26

This letter was written in Tagalog, while he was residing in London, upon the request of M.H. del Pilar. The significant points contained in this letter are as follows:
1. The rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars;
2. The defense of private judgment;
3. Qualities Filipino mothers need to possess;
4. Duties and responsibilities of Filipino mothers to their children;
5. Duties and responsibilities of a wife to her husband; and,
6. Counsel to young women on their choice of a lifetime partner

Answer 26

To the Young Women of Malolos - 1889

Question 27

It is obvious that his ultimate desire was for women to be offered the same opportunities as those received by men in terms of education. He emphasizes on freedom of thought and the right to education, which must be granted to both boys and girls alike.

Answer 27

To the Young Women of Malolos - 1889

Question 28

Rizal’s historical works

Answer 28

1) Filipinas dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines Within a Century) - 1889-90
2) Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos) - 1890
3) Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippines by Morga) - 1890

Question 29

• It was an article published in 4 issues on September 30, October 31, December 15, 1889 and February 15, 1890.
• In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines and predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.
• He portrayed at the beginning of his article the glorious past of the Filipino people, then described their economic stagnation and unhappiness under the harsh and bungling Spanish rule.
• Toward the last paragraphs of the article, he peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal and enlightened policy toward the Philippines.

Answer 29

Filipinas dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines Within a Century) - 1889-90

Question 30

• This essay was published in La Solidaridad in 5 successive issues on July 15, July 31, August 1, August 31 and September 1, 1890.
• In this historical essay, he made a critical study of the causes why his people did not work hard during the Spanish regime.
• His main thesis was that the Filipinos are not by nature indolent.

Answer 30

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos) - 1890

Question 31

He explained: “The fact is that in tropical countries violent work is not a good thing, as it is death, destruction, annihilation. Nature knows this and like a just mother has therefore made the earth more fertile, and more productive, as a compensation. An hour’s works under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s labor in a temperate climate; it is then, just that the earth yields a hundredfold!”

Answer 31

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos) - 1890

Question 32

• Rizal republished this book with his annotation in Paris in 1890 to answer the falsehoods and calumnies written by friars and Spaniards against his people.
• This book proves that before the advent of Spain to the Philippines in 1521, the Filipinos had already a culture and a history of their own.

Answer 32

Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippines by Morga) - 1890

Question 33

Rizal’s annotation: “The same thing can’t be said today. The government, in print and in words tries to educate the Filipinos, but in deed and at bottom, it foments ignorance, placing education in the hands of the friars who are accused by Spaniards, Filipinos, and foreigners of wanting the brutalization of the country and they themselves prove it with their behaviour and writings.”

Answer 33

Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippines by Morga) - 1890

Question 34

Rizal’s Novels (2)

include year published

Answer 34

1) Noli Me Tangere, 1887
2) El Filibusterismo, 1891

Question 35

Noli Me Tangere:
Inspired from __, which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the Negro slaves, inspired Rizal to write a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants.
The writing of the novel:
- ½ in Madrid (towards the end of (1884)
- ¼ in Paris (1885)
- ¼ in Germany (1886)

Answer 35

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 36

On March 21, 1887, the Noli Me Tangere came off the press (Berliner Buchdruckrie-Action-Gesselschaft) with the help of __.

Answer 36

Maximo Viola

Question 37

The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “__.” It was taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke; but he made a mistake in citing the source, for it should be the Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20: 13-17):
“Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my Father, but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God and your God.”

Answer 37

Touch Me Not

Question 38

• The novel was dedicated to the Philippines – “To the Fatherland” - It was a true story of Philippine condition during the last decades of Spanish rule. The places, the characters, the situations really existed.

Answer 38

Noli Me Tangere, 1887

Question 39

El Filibusterismo:
This novel of Rizal was inspired on the novel of __.

He wrote his second novel in:
- Calamba (October 1887): started writing the novel
- London (1888): made some changes in the plot and corrected some chapters
- Paris and Madrid
- Biarritz (1891): finished the manuscript

Answer 39

The Count of Monte Cristo

Alexandre Dumas

Question 40

On September 18, 1891, El Filibusterismo came off the press (F. Meyer-Van Loo Press) in Ghent with the help of __.

Answer 40

Valentin Ventura

Question 41

Rizal’s __ was dedicated to the martyrdom of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. He wrote:
“To the memory of the priests, Don Mariano Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years old). Executed in Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of February, 1872.
. . . I have the right to dedicate my work to you as victims of the evil which I undertake to combat. And while we wait expectantly upon Spain some day to restore your good name and cease to be answerable for your death, let these pages serve as a tardy wreath of dried leaves over your unknown tombs, and let it be understood that every one who without clear proofs attacks your memory stains his hands in your blood!”

Answer 41

El Filibusterismo, 1891

Question 42

Rizal’s historical inaccuracies:
1. The martyrdom of GomBurZa occurred on February 17, 1872 not on the 28th; and,
2. Father Gomez was 73 years old (not 85), Father Burgos was 35 years old (not 30), and Father Zamora was 37 years old (not 35).

• Two features in the manuscript, the __ and the __, do not appear in the printed book. These were not printed to save printing costs.

Answer 42

• Foreword
• Warning

Question 43

Diffirence of the two novels

what type of literary work; feelings; how many chapters?

Answer 43

Noli Me Tangere:
- It is a romantic novel; it is a “work of the heart” – a “book of feeling”
- It has freshness, color, humor, lightness, and wit
- 64 chapters

El Filibusterismo:
- It is a political novel; it is a “work of the head” – a “book of the thought
- It contains bitterness, hatred, violence, pain and sorrow
- 38 chapters

Question 44

Similarities of the two novels of Rizal (3)

Answer 44

➢Both depict with realistic colors the actual conditions of the Philippines and the Filipinos during the decadent days of the Spanish rule.
➢Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino nationalism.
➢Both are responsible in paving the ground for the Philippine Revolution that brought about the downfall of Spain.