Chapter 3: Life of Rizal (Family Background and Education) Flashcards
Jose Rizal: Buhay ng Isang Bayani
What are the significant events of the 19th century? (4)
1) Industrial Revolution
2) Spread of liberalism
3) Revolts of colonies against their colonizers and their liberation
4) Abolition of slavery
What is the full Spanish name of rizal?
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
When and where was José Rizal born? (2)
- June 19, 1861
- Calamba, Laguna
What were José Rizal’s highest educational attainments? (2)
- Licentiate in Medicine
- Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
What was José Rizal’s profession?
Ophthalmologist
Who was José Rizal’s wife?
Josephine Bracken
What were the names of José Rizal’s parents? (2)
- Father: Don Francisco Mercado
- Mother: Doña Teodora Alonzo y Realonda
What time and date did José Rizal die?
- 7:03 AM
- December 30, 1896
Where was Don Francisco Mercado born, and what and where did he study? (3)
- Binan, Laguna
- Latin and Philosophy
- College of San Jose in Manila (Colegio de San Jose)
How did José Rizal describe his father, Don Francisco Mercado?
A model of all fathers, strong constitution, rather tall, serious and reflective man with prominent forehead and large dark eyes
What qualities did José Rizal inherit from his father, Don Francisco Mercado? (5)
- Sense of dignity
- self-respect
- love of work
- seriousness
- self-possession
Where was Doña Teodora Alonso born, and what and where did she study? (3)
- Sta. Cruz, Manila
- Bachelor of Arts (now a high school degree)
- College of Sta. Rosa in Manila (school for girls)
How did José Rizal describe his mother, Doña Teodora Alonso?
A woman not of ordinary culture, knows literature, speaks better Spanish than I do, corrected my poems, gave me wise advice, and was my mathematician.
What qualities did José Rizal inherit from his mother, Doña Teodora Alonso? (4)
- Religious nature
- temperament of a poet
- passion for art and literature
- bravery for sacrifice
Rizal’s only brother and like a second father, offering wise counsel and advice
Paciano Mercado
How did José Rizal describe his brother Paciano Mercado in his letter to Blumentritt dated June 28, 1888 ?
“The most noble of Filipinos, though an indio, but more generous and noble than all Spaniards put together”
What role did Paciano Mercado play in the Philippine Revolution? (2)
- joined General Aguinaldo’s revolutionary forces
- rose to the rank of Major General
What year did Paciano Mercado die, and at what age? (2)
- 1930
- 79
Who were the sisters of José Rizal? (9)
- Saturnina
- Narcisa
- Olympia
- Lucia
- Maria
- Concepcion
- Josefa
- Trinidad
- Soledad
“Some Nice Old Ladies Make Cute Jewelry To Sell.”
SNLMCJTS
How did José Rizal’s respect for his mother and sisters influence him?
It explains his gallantry and popularity among women
What was José Rizal’s first sorrow?
death of his sister Concepcion (Concha) at the age of 3 (made him shed tears for the first time due to love and grief)
Who were José Rizal’s paternal ancestors? (3 pairs)
1) Domingo Lamco - Ines de la Rosa
2) Francisco Mercado - Bernada Monicha
3) Juan Mercado - Cirila Alejandra
Rizal’s great-great paternal grandfather, who adopted the surname “Mercado” in 1732 and was married to Ines de la Rosa, a Chinese mestiza
Domingo Lamco
a full-blooded Chinese merchant from Fukien City of Changkow, adopted the surname “Mercado” to free the younger generation from the prejudices associated with Chinese names
Domingo Lamco
Where did Domingo Lamco originally come from?
Fukien City of Changkow (or Changchow)
- The only son of Lamco. Rizal’s great-grandfather, a keen-witted and liberal man, appointed as the municipal captain (gobernadorcillo) of Binan in 1783.
- He married Bernada Monicha, a Chinese mestiza, and had two children, including Juan
Francisco Mercado
- A son of Francisco Mercado and Bernada Monicha.
- He was elected as gobernadorcillo, married Cirila Alejandra, another Chinese mestiza, and had 14 children, including Rizal’s father, Francisco.
Juan Mercado
Who were José Rizal’s maternal ancestors? (2 pairs)
1) Manuel de Quintos - Regina Ursua (Ochoa)
2) Brigida de Quintos - Lorenzo Alberto
- Rizal’s maternal great-great grandfather
- a Chinese mestizo
- a lawyer from Lingayen, Pangasinan
Manuel de Quintos
- Rizal’s maternal great-grandmother
- was of Japanese ancestry
- married to Manuel de Quintos
Regina Ursua (Ochoa)
- daughter of Manuel and Regina
- married Lorenzo Alberto, an engineer.
- had 5 children, including Teodora, Rizal’s mother.
Brigida de Quintos
the daughter of Brigida, who married Lorenzo Alberto, an engineer, and had five children.
Teodora Alonso Realonda
the family name of Rizal’s maternal grandfather, Lorenzo Alberto, a prominent Spanish Filipino mestizo from Biñan, Laguna
Alonzo
- It was an adopted surname from the Spanish surnames approved by the Spanish government in 1849.
- Adopted surname of Doña Teodora.
Realonda
- Rizal’s great-great-grandfather, a Chinese from Fukien, adopted this surname because it suited his line of work (market)
- first adopted the surname of Rizal’s family
Mercado
derived from the Spanish word “riccial,” meaning “green field,” and was given to the family by an alcalde mayor (provincial governor) in Laguna.
Rizal
What is the meaning and origin of the surname Rizal? Who gave this surname? (2)
- Spanish word “riccial,” meaning “green field”
- Given by an alcalde mayor (provincial governor) in Laguna
What is José Rizal’s first name?
José Protacio
Where did the name “José” come from?
Doña Teodora’s patron saint, Saint Joseph
What is the origin of the name “Protacio”?
Catholic calendar of names, after Saint Protacio
In __(year), Doña Teodora was sent to jail because she was falsely accused of complicity in an attempted murder filed by her sister-in-law, wife of __.
- 1871
- José Alejandro
What event in 1872 had a significant impact on José Rizal’s childhood? (2)
- Cavite Mutiny
- Martyrdom of Gomburza
How did José Rizal reflect on the significance of 1872 in his later years? (based in his letter to Mariano Ponce)
“without 1872… Rizal would be a Jesuit now, and instead of writing Noli Me Tangere, he would have been writing the opposite”
What tribute did José Rizal give to the three executed priests in 1891?
El Filibusterismo
What were the typical subjects taught to a student from a family of Ilustrado?
4Rs: Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Religion
Name some of the private tutors employed for José Rizal as he grew older. (3)
- Maestro Celestino
- Lucas Padua
- Leon Monroy
At what age did José Rizal go to Biñan for formal education for one and a half years, and who was his teacher?
- 9
- Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
What subjects did José Rizal excel in during his studies in Biñan? (2)
- Latin
- Spanish
Who taught José Rizal drawing and painting skills?
Old Juancho (a local painter)
What was the first university attended by José Rizal? When (year)? (2)
- Ateneo Municipal de Manila
- 1872-1877
Why did José Rizal face challenges in enrolling at the Ateneo? (2)
- late application
- health concerns (lampa)
Who played a pivotal role in José Rizal’s admission to the Ateneo Municipal de Manila?
Manuel Xerez Burgos, the nephew of Father José Burgos
What were the key aspects of the Jesuits’ method of education at the Ateneo? (4)
1) Rigid discipline
2) Religious instruction
3) Promotion of physical culture
4) Humanities and scientific studies
What was the uniform worn by students at the Ateneo? (2)
- Hemp-fabric trousers
- striped cotton coat, called rayadillo
What were the academic and vocational courses offered at the Ateneo? (2)
- Bachiller in Artes (Bachelor of Arts)
- Vocational courses (Agriculture, Surveying, Commerce, Mechanics)
How were students divided at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila? (2)
- Roman Empire (interno) – boarding students
- Carthaginian Empire (externo) – non-boarding students
- A small island city-state located in present-day Tunisia, North Africa
- A powerful navy (seafarers)
- challenged the Roman Empire
- Use of elephants
Carthaginian Empire
What degree and award did José Rizal obtain from Ateneo Municipal de Manila? (2)
- Bachelor of Arts degree (equivalent to a high school diploma)
- highest honors (“Sobresalienete” - outstanding)
Why did José Rizal use the surname “Rizal” instead of “Mercado” during his Ateneo days?
avoid the stigma associated with his family name
Who were Rizal’s Jesuit Professors in Ateneo? (3)
- Father José Bech
- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
- Fr. Jose Villaclara
Who was Rizal’s first professor at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila?
“A tall, thin man with a slightly bent body, hurried walk, ascetic and severe face, small deep-sunken eyes, sharp Grecian nose, and thin lips forming an arc turning toward his chin” as described by Rizal.
Father José Bech
Who was one of José Rizal’s best professors at the Ateneo who helped Rizal improve his Spanish and study mathematics, rhetoric, and Greek?
“A model of uprightness, earnestness, and devotion to the progress of his pupils” as described by Rizal
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
Who was Rizal’s professor who advised him to stop communing with muses and focus on practical studies such as philosophy and natural sciences?
Father José Villaclara
What are some of the books read by José Rizal during his teenage years? (3)
- The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas
- Universal History by Cesar Cantu
- Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor
What was José Rizal’s first favorite novel?
The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas
What historical work did Rizal persuade his father to buy for him that helped him in his studies and in winning prizes at Ateneo?
Universal History by Cesar Cantu
- a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860.
- observed the defects of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and his prophecy about the end of Spanish domination and the arrival of the Americans.
Dr. Feogor Jagor
The book presented Dr. Jagor’s observations on the defects of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and his prophecy about the end of Spanish domination and the arrival of the Americans.
Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor
What book by Alexandre Dumas influenced José Rizal to form “Las Compañeros” in UST?
The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas
It was a support network for students, particularly those who were being bullied and oppressed by their Spanish and mestizo peers.
“Las Compañeros”
a prestigious literary contest for students at Ateneo Municipal de Manila where Rizal placed second, with the first prize going to a Spanish student, Wenceslao Retana. Rizal believed that racial discrimination—as a Filipino (or “Indio”) in a predominantly Spanish and mestizo environment—played a role in his loss, despite his clear intellectual capabilities.
Council of Gods
- Rizal’s childhood sweetheart and one of his great loves.
- her family opposed their relationship.
- first met during a Manila-Biñan ride, when Rizal took a kalesa to Calamba.
Leonor Rivera
When did Rizal attend University of Santo Tomas (UST)? (year)
1877-1882
What courses did José Rizal enroll in at the University of Santo Tomas (UST)? (2)
- Philosophy and Letters (1st year)
- Medicine (2nd year)
During Rizal’s time in UST, what vocational/diploma course did he take in Ateneo?
Agriculture course for Land Surveying
Rizal finished and passed the exam of agriculture course for land surveying at the age of 17. At what age did he receive his license, and what was the license called? (2)
- 21
- Perito Agrimensor (Expert Surveyor)
In Rizal’s 2nd year in UST, he shifted to what course, and who advised him to shift?
- Medicine
- Fr. Pablo Ramon
Why did Rizal leave UST and continue his studies in Spain? (2)
- oppressive racial discrimination against indio students
- antiquated method of instruction by Dominican professors
- a character in El Filibusterismo who personifies the professors in UST.
- a person who is deeply committed to his studies, but he faces numerous difficulties and injustices in the school system, particularly under the authority of the Spanish friars.
Placido Penitente
Before going to Spain, who did Rizal write letters to? (2)
- his parents
- Leonor Rivera (was unable to read them due to her mother)
Why did Rizal decide to move to Madrid for his studies and who advised him? (2)
- cheaper education costs
- Paciano Mercado
Where did Rizal continue his studies in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters? When (years)?
- Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid)
- 1882-1885
What degree did Rizal receive in 1884, and what did it qualify him to do? (2)
- Licentiate in Medicine
- a fully-pledged physician, but not to teach medicine.
What degree did Rizal receive in 1885, at the age of 24, and what was his rating? (2)
- Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
- “Sobresaliente” (excellent).
What did Rizal’s degree in Philosophy and Letters entitle him to?
University Professorship in any Spanish University
- a professor in Universidad Central de Madrid
- He was one of Rizal’s professors and an advocate of freedom and self-determination.
- His liberal views earned him the support of many students, including José Rizal and other students from Spanish colonies, such as Cuba, Mexico, and Peru.
- His liberalism led to his expulsion.
- founder of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
Dr. Miguel Morayta
When did Rizal and some Filipino, Cuban, Mexican, Peruvian, and Spanish students join a violent demonstration at the Madrid Central University as its show of support to Dr. Miguel Morayta? (month, year)
November 1884
In search for greater knowledge, what other courses did Rizal take outside Universidad Central de Madrid? (course, school) (3)
- Painting and sculpture at Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
- English, German and French languages at Ateneo De Madrid
- fencing and shooting at Halls of Sanz y Carbonell
Where did Rizal study painting and sculpture in Madrid?
Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Where did Rizal take English, German, and French language lessons in Madrid?
Ateneo de Madrid
Where did Rizal practice fencing and shooting?
Halls of Sanz y Carbonell
What were Rizal’s hobbies in Madrid aside from academics?
Visiting museums, galleries
What was Rizal’s only extravagance in Madrid? (On what did he spend his money?) (2)
- peseta - Madrid lottery
- books
Where did Rizal work for advanced studies in ophthalmology? Under whom did he work? (3)
1) Paris, France - Dr. Louis de Weckert
2) Heidelberg, Germany - Dr. Otto von Becker
3) Berlin, Germany - Dr. Schweigger
Where did Rizal go for advanced studies in ophthalmology in 1885?
Paris
Under which leading French ophthalmologist did Rizal work in Paris? For how long? (2)
- Dr. Louis de Weckert
- 4 months
When Rizal was in Heidelberg. who was the leading German ophthalmologist and director of a hospital where he worked? What was the name of the hospital? For how long did Rizal work there? (3)
- Dr. Otto von Becker
- University of Heidelberg Eye Hospital
- 3 months
Who was the ophthalmologist Rizal worked for as an assistant in Berlin?
Dr. Schweigger
