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Science > Chapter 4- Weathering And Erosion > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Weathering And Erosion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is type of weathering which is the breakdown of rocks by physical forces

A

Physical weathering

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2
Q

Another type of physical weathering involves the breaking or peeling way of rocks in layers

A

Exfoliation

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3
Q

The other type of weathering which happens when rocks react with water and the minerals may weaken or dissolve away causing the rocks to crumble

A

Chemical weathering

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4
Q

What is the main agent of chemical weathering

A

Water

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5
Q

Name the process by which rock fragments are carried away by wind

A

Erosion

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6
Q

What do we call large streams that carry water from the mountains to the sea they are known as

A

Rivers

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7
Q

The source of a river is called what

A

Headwater

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8
Q

What do we call the steepness of the slope of a river

A

Gradient

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9
Q

The material carried by stream is called it’s

A

Node

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10
Q

What do we call all the streams that merge toward the sea as one large river

A

A river system

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11
Q

The region of land that is drained by a river system is called

A

A drainage basin

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12
Q

What do we call two adjoining drainage basin’s that are separated by what

A

drainage divide

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13
Q

What do we call numerous streams that feed into the river at various points

A

Tributaries

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14
Q

What do we call the level or nearly level land that borders or river that is covered by river water in flood time

A

Floodplain

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15
Q

Natural Bridges of sediment dropped by the river from the rivers edge are called

A

Levees

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16
Q

Winding groups of the river are called

A

Meanders

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17
Q

When a meander is bypassed and becomes cut off from the rest of the river it forms a crescent shaped body of water called a

A

Oxbow lake

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18
Q

What is a fan shaped or triangular deposit extended from the mountain to the sea

A

Delta

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19
Q

After a heavy rain sediments are often carry from higher elevation on a mountain to the base which one is it Delta like deposit called a what

A

In alluvial fan

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20
Q

After acidic water dissolves Limestone to calcite what are the names of the large caves it produces

A

Caverns

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21
Q

What do we call the buildup of calcium carbonate that is on the ceilings and the floors of the cavern

A

Dripstone

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22
Q

What are icicle like masses called when they are grown on the ceiling

A

Stalactites

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23
Q

What do we call the column like masses on the ground

A

Stalagmites

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24
Q

At the surface what do we call the funnel shaped depression in the ground when a cave collapses

A

A sinkhole

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25
Q

Regions of the earth surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are called what

A

Karst

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26
Q

What do we call offshore bridges of sand or gravel

A

Bars

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27
Q

What do we call high ridges of rock land that project out into the sea along deepwater shorelines

A

Promontory

28
Q

Waves may erode the base of a promontory which may fall into the sea leaving behind a vertical face of rock called what

A

Seacliff

29
Q

Indentations in the sea cliff that are often exposed in low tide are called what

A

Sea caves

30
Q

What are the narrow formations of rock that arch out from the coast and that are usually pulled from eroded sea caves

A

Sea arches

31
Q

Isolated columns of rock that form when the sea arch collapses is called a what

A

Sea stack

32
Q

What do we call a sheet that slowly moves under its own weight

A

Glacier

33
Q

Name the two types of glaciers

A

Continental and valley glaciers

34
Q

Where would you mainly find continental glaciers

A

Greenland and Antarctica

35
Q

Smaller ice sheets that are found in Iceland and Norway are called what?

A

Ice caps

36
Q

What do we call glaciers that are rivers of ice that slowly flow down from mountainous regions into valleys

A

Valley glacier or alpine glacier

37
Q

What’s another name for a valley glacier

A

Alpine glacier

38
Q

What do we call cracks and fixtures in the glacier

A

Crevasses

39
Q

What do we call a valley glacier that scoops out a huge bowl shaped depression in the highlands, What is that depression called

A

Cirque

40
Q

Name a Sharp ridge that divides to cirques

A

Arête

41
Q

What do we call a sharp steeple shaped point where three or more cirque cut into a mountain peak

A

A horn

42
Q

When a glacier carves out valleys along its coast line it sometimes fills with seawater creating a

A

Fjord

43
Q

When a glacier retreats in warmer weather and often dumps rocks on the ground it is called

A

Till

44
Q

What do we call an accumulation piles a degree of till left by a retreating glacier

A

Moraine

45
Q

When the glacier advances again in the winter time it may overrun old moraines smoothing the til onto Lowhills called

A

Drumlin

46
Q

What do we call large holes left in the melting of huge chunks of glacial ice lodged in till out wash

A

Kettles

47
Q

The period of widespread glaciation is commonly call the what?

A

Ice age

48
Q

Erosion by the wind is not as widespread as water erosion which is powered by glaciation but eRosian by the wind is called what kind of processes

A

Aeolian processes

49
Q

The most important effect of wind Erosion is what

A

Deflation

50
Q

Over time, deflation may cause a barren rocky surface called a

A

Desert pavement

51
Q

Sometimes the wind forms shallow depressions where material has been blown away

A

Blowouts

52
Q

What we call windstorms that carry coarse sand particles and the fine particles of dry soil

A

Sandstorm

53
Q

What is the name given to the load of Thick clay and silt dropped by a dust storm

A

Loess

54
Q

What we call the names given to huge heaps of loose and windblown sand that are common in deserts and beach

A

Sand dunes

55
Q

What do we call the action of the windblown sand

A

Abrasion

56
Q

An erosion method prevention that changes a smooth slope into many stair like levels is called what

A

Terracing

57
Q

What do we call the process where gravity causes the downslope movement with rocks soil, ash, snow or ice

A

Mass wasting

58
Q

This occurs when individual rock fragments break off the sides of a steep cliff that is often caused by exfoliation

A

Rockfall

59
Q

What do we call this type of mass wasting, when huge masses of rock or soil suddenly slide down a slope

A

Landslide

60
Q

These are the most fluid and fastest type of mass wasting, rapid movement of loose water saturated soil

A

Mudflow

61
Q

What do we call when a mass of ice and snow become dislodged with the mountain face

A

Avalanche

62
Q

What do we call a very slow sometimes a few inches of movement (or less per year) downslope movement of soil and rock fragments, it can be caused by soil expansion and contraction due to the changes of heat and moisture by the actions of plants and animals

A

Soil creep

63
Q

Name the process where thin sheets of topsoil are stripped away from the surface of the land

A

Sheet erosion

64
Q

After a rill is formed by heavy rains the shallow cutting the soil could lead to a channel being cut in the ground which cannot be repaired by ordinary cultivation is called a

A

Gully

65
Q

Which force has the greatest effect on erosion in the earths surface

A

Running water

Science (4 decks)

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