Chapter 3- Mineralogy Flashcards
What we call substances that are found naturally in the earth and have a crystalline structure?
Minerals
The branch of geology that deals with the identification and classification of minerals is called what?
Mineralogy
Name the smallest group of minerals that exist naturally in the earths crust as single elements
Native elements
Which group consists of the compounds with the name of the elementfluorine chlorine bromine
The element halides
The largest group of minerals is the what
Silicate
What is the percent of the earths crust that includes the silicates?
90%
What are geometric structures that are composed of atoms and molecules which are in an orderly arrangement
Crystals
Crystals are known to have many flat surfaces called what
Faces
What is the name of the line of powder that the mineral leaves on the porcelain
Streak
What is the name of the porcelain that the mineral is scraped on
A streak plate
What we call the characteristic of the mineral which is when light is reflected from the surface?
Luster
How was hardness of mineral rated?
By using the Mohs scale
What is the number that compares an objects density to the density of water?
Specific gravity
Some minerals glow in certain colors while exposed to UV light and placed in the dark what do we call that?
Fluorescence
While some minerals continue glow after a while after being exposed to UV light and then placed in the dark when we call that
Phosphorescence
Any mineral that contains a valuable metallic element is called what
An ore
What do we call the extracting of metals from the earth and preparing them for use
Metallurgy
What is the most abundant metal in the earths crust
Aluminum
Aluminum is Refined from which mineral
Bauxite
What is the second most common metal in the earths crust
Iron
What we call a metal mixture
And alloy
Steel is an alloy of carbon and what
Iron
What is an alloy made up of iron carbon and nickel or chromium
Stainless steel
Name the reddish orange metal that’s a good conductor and easy to shape in electrical wiring
Copper
What is the most reflective of all metals?
Silver
What is a white gray metal more valuable than gold
Platinum
Name the hardest naturally occurring substance
Diamond
What is the primary ingredient of steel
Iron
We Know brass is in alloy, What is an alloy up
Copper and zinc
What we call Gold that is produced in bulk
Bullion
What do we call the rarest most durable and most beautiful minerals?
Precious stones
What is another name for green beryl
Emerald
What is the name for a red corundum
Ruby
Traces of iron oxide in barrel in a blue-green color can form a gemstone called
Aquamarine
Which type of rock forms when magma solidifies
Igneous rock
Name the most common igneous rock
Basalt
What do we call a smooth glass like texture of rock that cools rapidly where no crystals form
Amorphous
What is the best example of an amorphous rock
Obsidian/volcanic glass
Name the type of rocks that are made of sand minerals organic materials That’s are all packed together
Sedimentary rock
What other name of hard round structures that forms when minerals settle out of water and Crystallize around the sand grain with no other mineral fragment
Concretion
A bed, a horizontal rock layer, a single layer of sedimentary rock which we call a what
Stratum
What is the law that states that any undisturbed Strata that lies in the order that they were laid
Law of super position
These sediments may be glued together by pressure Rock that’s made of fragments called what kind
Clastic sedimentary rocks
What is the most abundant sedimentary rock?
Shale
Name the rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hard for Sandy Clay
Conglomerate
Name A well known sediment Terry rock that needs to be at least 50% calcium carbonate before he could be called what rock
Limestone
Chemical sediment may also form from the evaporation of water, these are called what
Evaporates
Name the useful substance considered an organic sedimentary rock because it was probably made while vegetation was being buried in compacted in chemical change
Coal
Because Coal is used for fuel and was once used from the remains of once living things it’s called a what kind of fuel
Fossil fuel
In surface mining Minersville strip away the upper surface of the ground what is this called
The overburden
Which type of underground mining uses a rotating drum that travels down along track
Longwall mining
Name the type of rock formed when pre-existing rock is altered by heat or pressure
Metamorphic
What do we call a change of one type of rock into a new type of rock
Metamorphism
