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Science > Chapter 3- Mineralogy > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Mineralogy Flashcards

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1
Q

What we call substances that are found naturally in the earth and have a crystalline structure?

A

Minerals

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2
Q

The branch of geology that deals with the identification and classification of minerals is called what?

A

Mineralogy

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3
Q

Name the smallest group of minerals that exist naturally in the earths crust as single elements

A

Native elements

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4
Q

Which group consists of the compounds with the name of the elementfluorine chlorine bromine

A

The element halides

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5
Q

The largest group of minerals is the what

A

Silicate

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6
Q

What is the percent of the earths crust that includes the silicates?

A

90%

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7
Q

What are geometric structures that are composed of atoms and molecules which are in an orderly arrangement

A

Crystals

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8
Q

Crystals are known to have many flat surfaces called what

A

Faces

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9
Q

What is the name of the line of powder that the mineral leaves on the porcelain

A

Streak

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10
Q

What is the name of the porcelain that the mineral is scraped on

A

A streak plate

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11
Q

What we call the characteristic of the mineral which is when light is reflected from the surface?

A

Luster

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12
Q

How was hardness of mineral rated?

A

By using the Mohs scale

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13
Q

What is the number that compares an objects density to the density of water?

A

Specific gravity

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14
Q

Some minerals glow in certain colors while exposed to UV light and placed in the dark what do we call that?

A

Fluorescence

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15
Q

While some minerals continue glow after a while after being exposed to UV light and then placed in the dark when we call that

A

Phosphorescence

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16
Q

Any mineral that contains a valuable metallic element is called what

A

An ore

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17
Q

What do we call the extracting of metals from the earth and preparing them for use

A

Metallurgy

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18
Q

What is the most abundant metal in the earths crust

A

Aluminum

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19
Q

Aluminum is Refined from which mineral

A

Bauxite

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20
Q

What is the second most common metal in the earths crust

A

Iron

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21
Q

What we call a metal mixture

A

And alloy

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22
Q

Steel is an alloy of carbon and what

A

Iron

23
Q

What is an alloy made up of iron carbon and nickel or chromium

A

Stainless steel

24
Q

Name the reddish orange metal that’s a good conductor and easy to shape in electrical wiring

A

Copper

25
Q

What is the most reflective of all metals?

A

Silver

26
Q

What is a white gray metal more valuable than gold

A

Platinum

27
Q

Name the hardest naturally occurring substance

A

Diamond

28
Q

What is the primary ingredient of steel

A

Iron

29
Q

We Know brass is in alloy, What is an alloy up

A

Copper and zinc

30
Q

What we call Gold that is produced in bulk

A

Bullion

31
Q

What do we call the rarest most durable and most beautiful minerals?

A

Precious stones

32
Q

What is another name for green beryl

A

Emerald

33
Q

What is the name for a red corundum

A

Ruby

34
Q

Traces of iron oxide in barrel in a blue-green color can form a gemstone called

A

Aquamarine

35
Q

Which type of rock forms when magma solidifies

A

Igneous rock

36
Q

Name the most common igneous rock

A

Basalt

37
Q

What do we call a smooth glass like texture of rock that cools rapidly where no crystals form

A

Amorphous

38
Q

What is the best example of an amorphous rock

A

Obsidian/volcanic glass

39
Q

Name the type of rocks that are made of sand minerals organic materials That’s are all packed together

A

Sedimentary rock

40
Q

What other name of hard round structures that forms when minerals settle out of water and Crystallize around the sand grain with no other mineral fragment

A

Concretion

41
Q

A bed, a horizontal rock layer, a single layer of sedimentary rock which we call a what

A

Stratum

42
Q

What is the law that states that any undisturbed Strata that lies in the order that they were laid

A

Law of super position

43
Q

These sediments may be glued together by pressure Rock that’s made of fragments called what kind

A

Clastic sedimentary rocks

44
Q

What is the most abundant sedimentary rock?

A

Shale

45
Q

Name the rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hard for Sandy Clay

A

Conglomerate

46
Q

Name A well known sediment Terry rock that needs to be at least 50% calcium carbonate before he could be called what rock

A

Limestone

47
Q

Chemical sediment may also form from the evaporation of water, these are called what

A

Evaporates

48
Q

Name the useful substance considered an organic sedimentary rock because it was probably made while vegetation was being buried in compacted in chemical change

A

Coal

49
Q

Because Coal is used for fuel and was once used from the remains of once living things it’s called a what kind of fuel

A

Fossil fuel

50
Q

In surface mining Minersville strip away the upper surface of the ground what is this called

A

The overburden

51
Q

Which type of underground mining uses a rotating drum that travels down along track

A

Longwall mining

52
Q

Name the type of rock formed when pre-existing rock is altered by heat or pressure

A

Metamorphic

53
Q

What do we call a change of one type of rock into a new type of rock

A

Metamorphism

Science (4 decks)

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