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Geog 1290 > chapter 4 water in the atmosphere > Flashcards

chapter 4 water in the atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

radiation fog

A

results when the ground radiates heat away at night, cooling air above it to the dew point

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2
Q

advection fog

A

results from moist air moving over cold surface that lowers its temperature to the dew point.
what is seen in winnipeg

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3
Q

condensation nuclei

A

small particles, .2 micrometers in diameter that provide a surface on which water vapor can condense

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4
Q

collision and coalescence

A

the process by which cloud droplets merge to make rain drops

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5
Q

collision and coalescence occurs ar

A

-15 degrees C and warmer in clouds

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6
Q

ice crystal process

A

forms snow in clouds in which the temperature is 0 or below

snow can form through deposition or contact freezing

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7
Q

which process occurs in warm clouds and what is the temperature

A

collision and coalescence process

above 0 degrees C

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8
Q

which process occurs in cold clouds and what is the temperature

A

ice crystal process

below 0 degrees C

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9
Q

with the exception of ___ all types of precipitation are produced through the collision and coalescence process or the ice crystal process

A

hail

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10
Q

______ _____ of the atmosphere determines which form or precipitation occurs

A

temperature profile

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11
Q

hail

A

hard round pellets of ice 5 mm or more in diameter

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12
Q

hail forms in _____ clouds

A

cumulonimbus

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13
Q

graupel

A

small pieces of ice before turning into hailstones

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14
Q

evaporation

A

change in the state of water from a liquid to a gas

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15
Q

transpiration

A

plants change liquid water into water vapour by breathing it out the pores on their leaves during photosynthesis

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16
Q

condensation

A

change in the state of water from a gas to a liquid

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17
Q

sublimation

A

ice shifts directly to water vapour

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18
Q

deposition

A

water vapour forms directly into ice

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19
Q

precipitation

A

solid or liquid water that falls from clouds to the ground

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20
Q

clouds

A

suspended microscopic water droplets and ice crystals that are visible only when they are grouped together in very large numbers

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21
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

the circulation of water within the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydorsphere

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22
Q

evapotranspiration

A

the source of all water vapour in the atmosphere

23
Q

latent heat

A

the energy that is absorbed or released during a state change, such as evaporation or condensation

24
Q

evaporation ____ the environment and condensation ____ the environment.

A

cools

warms

25
Q

humidity

A

the water vapour content of the air

26
Q

net condensation

A

occurs when condensation exceeds evaporation, resulting in saturation of the air

27
Q

saturation

A

the point at which water vapour content is equal to water vapour capacity

28
Q

net evaporation

A

occurs when evaporation exceeds condensation

29
Q

vapour pressure

A

the portion of air pressure exerted exclusively by molecules of water vapour

30
Q

specific humidity

A

water vapour content of the atmosphere, expressed in grams of water per kg of air

31
Q

relative humidity

A

ratio of water vapour content to water vapour capacity, expressed as a percent

32
Q

temperature and RH are ___ related.

A

inversely

33
Q

dew point

A

temperature at which air becomes saturated

34
Q

frost point

A

when the dew point is at or below freezing, deposition forms crystals of ice called frost

35
Q

dew point depression

A

the difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature

36
Q

air parcel

A

a body of air with uniform humidity and temperature

37
Q

adiabatic cooling vs adiabatic warming

A

cooling- cooling of an air parcel through expansion

warming- warming of an air parcel through compression

38
Q

dry adiabatic rate

A

rateof temperature change in an unsaturated parcel of air, water vapour in it but you cannot feel it

39
Q

environmental lapse rate

A

decrease in air temperature outside the air parcel as altitude increases

40
Q

moist adiabatic rate

A

rate of cooling in a saturated air parcel

41
Q

unstable vs stable atmosphere

A

unstable- air parcels that are warmer and less dense that the surrounding air and rise on their own
stable- the interior of air parcels is cooler and denser than the surrounding air

42
Q

rain shadow

A

the dry environment on the leeward side of a mountain range, caused by adiabatic warming

43
Q

convective uplift

A

rising of an air parcel that is warmer and less dense than the surrounding air

44
Q

orographic uplift

A

rising of air over mountains

45
Q

frontal uplift

A

rising of warm air masses where they meet relatively cold air masses

46
Q

convergent uplift

A

rising of air as a result of converging airflow

47
Q

intertropical convergence zone

A

converging and rising air strengthens convective uplift and thunderstorms, convective and convergent uplift blend together into a single process

48
Q

nimbostratus

A

rain producing low level sheets of clouds

49
Q

cumulonimbus

A

cloud that extends high into the atmosphere and is capable of strong vertical development and severe weather

50
Q

cirrus

A

high clouds with a feathery appearance that are composed of ice crystals

51
Q

stratus

A

clouds that are low flat sheets

52
Q

nimbostratus

A

rain producing sheets of clouds

53
Q

cumulus

A

bunched clouds with a flat base and billowy upper portions that often rise high into the troposphere

54
Q

cumulonimbus

A

heaped up rain and hail clouds capabe of strong vertical development that may produce severe weather

Geog 1290 (12 decks)

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