CHAPTER 4 VOCAB Flashcards
Affix
a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form- prefixes, suffixes, infixes
affixation
a bound morpheme is attached to a morphological base
agglutinating Language
language that has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning.
allomorph
nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. ie: [s] in cats, [z] in dogs, [z] in churches. Three pronunciations are allomorphs of the same morpheme.
alternation
morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. called alternant. affected by the phonological, morphological, or syntatic environment of the morpheme.
ambiguity
a quality of language that makes speech of text open to multiple interpretations.
analytic language
a language that organizes words and grammar by strict word order instead of inflections, or word endings that show grammar.
bound morpheme
a morpheme with no linguistic meaning unless they are connected to a root, base, or other bound morpheme.
bound root
root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme
closed lexical category
conjunctions, determines, pronouns, prepositions- cannot add new words- and or but a the he she they of an under
compounding
process of combining 2 words (free morphemes) to create new words
conjunction
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words in the same clause.
content morpheme
root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. nouns, adverbs, adjs, verbs
content word
words that have meaning
derivation
formation of a word from an earlier word or root. black + bird dis+connect
determiner
a modifying word that determines the kind of references a noun or noun group has
form
phonology, morphology, syntax
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone. eat, date, weak
functional morpheme
a morpheme that modifies the meaning of a word, closed class
function word
and, but, when, because, on, near
fusional language
synthetic language, one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings
hierarchical structure
phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, level of discourse
homophony
words of different origins become identical in pronunciation. ad add ball bawl eye I
incorporation
a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with another element (noun, etc)
infix
affix inserted inside a word system
inflection
the change in form of a word to mark such distinction as tense, person, numbers, gender, mood, voice, etc
input
exposure learners have to authentic language in use
lexical category
classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them. pronouns, nouns, verbs, adjs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections
lexicon
a person’s vocabulary knowledge
morpheme
a meaningful unit of language that cannot be further divided. un-break-able
morphology
the study of words- how they are formed and relationships to other words in the language.
open lexical category
nouns, verbs, adj, and adverbs. new words can be added
output
language produced by speaking, writing, signing
partial reduplication
reduplication of part of a word (base) that begins with a consonant
polysynthetic language
highly synthetic language wtih many morphemes
prefix
word, letter, or number that is placed before another affix/stem word
prepostion
word governing and usually preceding a noun or pronoun, and expressing relation to antoerh word or element in that clause. “she arrived AFTER dinner”
productive
the degree to which native speakers of a language use a grammatical process, especially in word formation
pronoun
a word that substitutes a noun or noun phrase
reduplicant
morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or whole word is repeated exactly, or with slight change
root
core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements, primary lexical unit
simultaneous affix
only in ASL- affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix/affixes in a word stem
stem
part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning
suffix
morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivitive (after the stem)
suppletion
the occurance of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjunction (went is past tense of go)
