Chapter 4- Vaccinations and Drug Development

Question 1

What is herd immunity?

Answer 1

If a large portion of the population are immune to the disease, the spread of the pathogen is restricted and the disease may disappear

Question 2

What happens if some of the immune portion some getting vaccinated?

Answer 2

The herd immunity will fail and the disease will come back

Question 3

Why do you think the rate of people getting the second dose of vaccinations drops?

Answer 3

People think they are protected by the first dose but they need the full course to be protected

Question 4

What is the target % when aiming for herd immunity?

Answer 4

95% of people who are regularly vaccinated

Question 5

What does penicillin do?

Answer 5

Penicillin targets the wall of bacteria cells and stops the spread of infectious bacteria

Question 6

Bacteria cells …

Answer 6

Produce toxins that make us feel ill

Question 7

Viruses…

Answer 7

Reproduce inside cells until they burst

Question 8

Drug development goes through how many stages before reaching patients?

Answer 8

1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Animals
4. Healthy Volunteers
5. Patients

Question 9

In the PRE-clinical stage what are animals used for?

Answer 9

Animals let scientists the doses healthy volunteers and patients would need

Question 10

What happens in the PRE-clinical stage?

Answer 10

Scientists test on.. 
•cells 
•tissues 
•animals 
To test for the toxicity of the produce and to see if it works like they want it to

Question 11

What happens in the clinical stage?

Answer 11

Scientists test on
• healthy volunteers
• patients
First on low doses to find the optimum amount to use