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Radiology > Chapter 4 - Upper Limb > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Scaphoid

A

Navicular

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2
Q

Lunate

A

Semilunar

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3
Q

Triquetrum

A

Triquetral, Cuneiform, triangular

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4
Q

Pisiform

A

No other name

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5
Q

Trapezium

A

Greater multangular

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6
Q

Capitate

A

Os Magnum

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7
Q

Trapezoid

A

Lesser multangular

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8
Q

Hamate

A

Unciform

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9
Q

Articulates with the radius proximally

A

Lunate

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10
Q

Articulates anteriorly with the hamate

A

Triquetrum

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11
Q

Number of phalanges

A

14

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12
Q

Number of metacarpals

A

5

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13
Q

Number of carpal bones

A

8

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14
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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15
Q

Carpal bones in the distal row

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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16
Q

Bones in the hand

A

27

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17
Q

Bone on lateral side of forearm

A

Radius

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18
Q

Bone on the medial side of the forearm

A

Ulna

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19
Q

Which bone classification are the metacarpals?

A

Long

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20
Q

Which bone classification are the carpal bones?

A

Short

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21
Q

Which bones articulate with the heads of the metacarpal bones?

A

Proximal phalanges

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22
Q

What group of bones articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones?

A

Carpals

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23
Q

What part of a metacarpal bone (base or head) forms part of each metocarpophalangeal joint?

A

Head

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24
Q

Which of the following types of upper limb joints are formed in part by the bases of the metacarpals?

A

Carpometacarpal

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25
Q

How are the metacarpals identified?

A

Numbered 1-5 from lateral (thumb side) to medial side (little finger side)

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26
Q

What is the most distal portion of each metacarpal?

A

Head

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27
Q

How many proximal phalanges are found in one hand?

A

5

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28
Q

How many middle phalanges are found in one hand?

A

4

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29
Q

How many distal phalanges are found in one hand?

A

5

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30
Q

What kinds of movements do the interphalangeal joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension

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31
Q

Which joint is the most distal joint in the upper limb?

A

Distal interphalangeal

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32
Q

What other name refers to the radiocarpal joint?

A

Wrist joint proper

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33
Q

On which end of the radius (proximal or distal) is the styloid process located?

A

Distal

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34
Q

On which end of the radius (proximal or distal) is the radial head located?

A

Proximal

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35
Q

On which end of the ulna (proximal or distal) is the styloid process located?

A

Distal

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36
Q

On which end of the ulna (proximal or distal) is the olecranon process located?

A

Proximal

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37
Q

Which two bony processes are located on the proximal end of the Ulna?

A

Olecranon process and coronoid process

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38
Q

Which of the following is located on the proximal ulna?

A

Trochlear notch

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39
Q

On which bone is the trochlear notch located?

A

Ulna

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40
Q

Which joint do the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius form?

A

Proximal radioulnar

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41
Q

Which joint do the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius form?

A

Distal radioulnar

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42
Q

With which of the following structures of the distal humerus does the radial head articulate?

A

Capitulum

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43
Q

With which of the following structures of the distal humerus does the trochlear notch articulate?

A

Trochlea

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44
Q

Which three articulations form the complete elbow joint:

Radiocarpal
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Scapulohumeral
Distal radioulnar
Proximal radioulnar
A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar

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45
Q

With reference to the capitulum, where is the trochlea located?

A

Medial

46
Q

What are the articulations of the humerus?

A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial and scapulohumeral

47
Q

What are the names each fossa found on the distal humerus? Which surface are each located on?

A

Coronoid fossa - anterior

Olecranon fossa - posterior

48
Q

Prominence on the anterior surface of distal, medial humerus?

A

Trochlea

49
Q

End of bone on which radial head is located

A

Proximal

50
Q

Depression on posterior surface of distal humerus?

A

Olecranon fossa

51
Q

Medial to trapezium

A

Trapezoid

52
Q

Carpal between scaphoid and triquetrum?

A

Lunate

53
Q

Finger bones

A

Phalanges

54
Q

Portion of distal humerus that articulates with radial head?

A

Capitulum

55
Q

Raised process on proximal, lateral humerus

A

Greater Tubercle

56
Q

Prominent process on proximal ulna

A

Olecranon

57
Q

End of bone on which ulnar head is located

A

Distal

58
Q

Carpal that articulates with third metacarpal

A

Capitate

59
Q

Distal process on radius and ulna

A

Styloid

60
Q

Bones in the wrist

A

Carpals

61
Q

Carpal bone with hooklike process

A

Hamate

62
Q

IP portion of DIP abbreviation

A

Interphalangeal

63
Q

Lateral bone of forearm

A

Radius

64
Q

Palpable landmarks on each side of distal humerus

A

Epicondyles

65
Q

Bones in the palm of the hand

A

Metacarpals

66
Q

Process located on anterior, proximal ulna

A

Coronoid

67
Q

Upper arm bone

A

Humerus

68
Q

On which hand surface should the hand be rested when performing the lateral projection image of the fourth or fifth digit?

A

Medial (ulnar)

69
Q

For lateral projections of the third or fourth digit, why should the affected digit be positioned so that its long axis is parallel with the IR?

A

To demonstrate the bones and joints accurately

70
Q

How many degrees from the PA position should a finger be rotated for PA oblique projection?

A

45 degrees

71
Q

Which two groups of joints of the hand and digits should be demonstrated open on the image of the PA projection of the hand?

A

Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal

72
Q

Which projection of the hand should demonstrate superimposed phalanges?

A

Lateral, in extension

73
Q

Group of bones that are the primary interest in lateral projection of hand?

A

Phalanges

74
Q

Lateral hand projection is best used to demonstrate:

  1. Foreign bodies
  2. Displacement of fractures in the metacarpals
  3. The phalanges
A

1 and 2 only

75
Q

What projection of the thumb may be substituted if the patient is unable to maintain the required position for the AP projection?

A

PA

76
Q

All thumb images should include which carpal within the collimated field?

A

Trapezium

77
Q

For the lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

Flexed 90 degrees

78
Q

For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR?

A

Medial

79
Q

What bones should be superimposed for the lateral projection of the wrist?

A

Metacarpals, carpals, radius, ulna

80
Q

How much should the wrist wash rotated for the PA oblique projection?

A

45 degrees

81
Q

For the PA oblique projection when the scaphoid is of primary interest, the scaphoid can sometimes be better demonstrated if the patient deviates the hand and wrist toward the:

A

Ulna

82
Q

Which bone is of interest in the PA projection of the wrist in Ulnar deviation?

A

Scaphoid

83
Q

To delineate a fracture line better with a PA projection of the wrist in Ulnar deviation, how many degrees and in which direction may the central ray be directed?

A

10 to 15 degrees proximally or distally

84
Q

Which carpal bone is of interest in the PA projection of the wrist (stecher method)?

A

Scaphoid

85
Q

How far from horizontal should the IR be inclined toward the elbow in the Stecher method (PA projection of the wrist)?

A

20 degrees

86
Q

When using a wedge to elevate the IR in the stecher method (pa projection of the wrist), how should the central ray be directed toward the wrist?

A

Perpendicularly

87
Q

If no wedge is used to angle the IR in the Stecher method, how should the central ray be directed toward the wrist?

A

At a 20-degree angle toward the elbow

88
Q

In the tangential (Gaynor-hart) method, how should the long axis of the hand be positioned, in reference to the plane of the IR?

A

Vertical

89
Q

In the tangential (Gaynor-hart) method, how should the central ray be angled, in reference to the long axis of the hand?

A

25 to 30 degrees

90
Q

For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

Fully extended

91
Q

If the hand is probated for the AP projection of the forearm, the image will demonstrate the:

A

Radius and ulna crossed over each other

92
Q

For the lateral projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?

A

Flexed 90 degrees

93
Q

True or false: The hand should be probated for the lateral projection.

A

False: lateral w/thumb side up

94
Q

For the AP projection of the elbow, why should the hand be positioned with the palm facing up?

A

To prevent rotation of the bones of the forearm

95
Q

For the lateral projection of the elbow, how should the hand be adjusted?

A

Lateral with the thumb side up

96
Q

How many degrees of flexion of the elbow are necessary for the lateral projection?

A

90 degrees

97
Q

How should the humeral epicondyles appear in the image of the lateral projection of the elbow?

A

Superimposed

98
Q

How much medial rotation of the elbow is needed to position it for AP oblique projections?

A

45 degrees

99
Q

Which AP oblique projection positioning movement (medial rotation or lateral rotation) requires the hand to be pronated?

A

Medial rotation

100
Q

For the AP distal humerus projection (partially flexed elbow), what part of the upper limb should be parallel and in contact with the IR?

A

Distal humerus

101
Q

In the AP distal humerus projection (partially flexed elbow) what part of the upper limb will appear greatly foreshortened in the image?

A

Proximal radius and ulna

102
Q

For the AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow) what part of the upper limb should be parallel and in contact with the IR?

A

Radius and ulna

103
Q

Distal humerus will be foreshortened

A

AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow)

104
Q

Coronoid process should be seen in profile

A

AP oblique projection, medial rotation position

105
Q

Olecranon process should be seen in profile

A

Lateral projection

106
Q

Radial head should be projected free of of the ulna

A

AP oblique projection, lateral rotation position

107
Q

Humeral epicondyles should not be rotated or superimposed

A

AP projection

108
Q

How should the hand be placed for the AP projection of the humerus?

A

Supinated

109
Q

The superimposition of what structures confirms that a true lateral image was produced?

A

Humeral epicondyles

110
Q

Where is the centering point for the central ray for the AP projection of the the thumb?

A

First metacarpophalangeal joint

111
Q

Which projection of the thumb requires the patient to rotate the hand into extreme internal rotation?

A

AP projection

112
Q

Where is the centering point for the central ray for the PA projection of the third digit of the hand?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd digit

Radiology (7 decks)

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