Chapter 4 - Upper Limb Flashcards
1
Q
Scaphoid
A
Navicular
2
Q
Lunate
A
Semilunar
3
Q
Triquetrum
A
Triquetral, Cuneiform, triangular
4
Q
Pisiform
A
No other name
5
Q
Trapezium
A
Greater multangular
6
Q
Capitate
A
Os Magnum
7
Q
Trapezoid
A
Lesser multangular
8
Q
Hamate
A
Unciform
9
Q
Articulates with the radius proximally
A
Lunate
10
Q
Articulates anteriorly with the hamate
A
Triquetrum
11
Q
Number of phalanges
A
14
12
Q
Number of metacarpals
A
5
13
Q
Number of carpal bones
A
8
14
Q
Proximal row of carpal bones
A
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
15
Q
Carpal bones in the distal row
A
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
16
Q
Bones in the hand
A
27
17
Q
Bone on lateral side of forearm
A
Radius
18
Q
Bone on the medial side of the forearm
A
Ulna
19
Q
Which bone classification are the metacarpals?
A
Long
20
Q
Which bone classification are the carpal bones?
A
Short
21
Q
Which bones articulate with the heads of the metacarpal bones?
A
Proximal phalanges
22
Q
What group of bones articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones?
A
Carpals
23
Q
What part of a metacarpal bone (base or head) forms part of each metocarpophalangeal joint?
A
Head
24
Q
Which of the following types of upper limb joints are formed in part by the bases of the metacarpals?
A
Carpometacarpal
25
How are the metacarpals identified?
Numbered 1-5 from lateral (thumb side) to medial side (little finger side)
26
What is the most distal portion of each metacarpal?
Head
27
How many proximal phalanges are found in one hand?
5
28
How many middle phalanges are found in one hand?
4
29
How many distal phalanges are found in one hand?
5
30
What kinds of movements do the interphalangeal joints allow?
Flexion and extension
31
Which joint is the most distal joint in the upper limb?
Distal interphalangeal
32
What other name refers to the radiocarpal joint?
Wrist joint proper
33
On which end of the radius (proximal or distal) is the styloid process located?
Distal
34
On which end of the radius (proximal or distal) is the radial head located?
Proximal
35
On which end of the ulna (proximal or distal) is the styloid process located?
Distal
36
On which end of the ulna (proximal or distal) is the olecranon process located?
Proximal
37
Which two bony processes are located on the proximal end of the Ulna?
Olecranon process and coronoid process
38
Which of the following is located on the proximal ulna?
Trochlear notch
39
On which bone is the trochlear notch located?
Ulna
40
Which joint do the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius form?
Proximal radioulnar
41
Which joint do the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius form?
Distal radioulnar
42
With which of the following structures of the distal humerus does the radial head articulate?
Capitulum
43
With which of the following structures of the distal humerus does the trochlear notch articulate?
Trochlea
44
Which three articulations form the complete elbow joint:
```
Radiocarpal
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Scapulohumeral
Distal radioulnar
Proximal radioulnar
```
Humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar
45
With reference to the capitulum, where is the trochlea located?
Medial
46
What are the articulations of the humerus?
Humeroulnar, humeroradial and scapulohumeral
47
What are the names each fossa found on the distal humerus? Which surface are each located on?
Coronoid fossa - anterior
| Olecranon fossa - posterior
48
Prominence on the anterior surface of distal, medial humerus?
Trochlea
49
End of bone on which radial head is located
Proximal
50
Depression on posterior surface of distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa
51
Medial to trapezium
Trapezoid
52
Carpal between scaphoid and triquetrum?
Lunate
53
Finger bones
Phalanges
54
Portion of distal humerus that articulates with radial head?
Capitulum
55
Raised process on proximal, lateral humerus
Greater Tubercle
56
Prominent process on proximal ulna
Olecranon
57
End of bone on which ulnar head is located
Distal
58
Carpal that articulates with third metacarpal
Capitate
59
Distal process on radius and ulna
Styloid
60
Bones in the wrist
Carpals
61
Carpal bone with hooklike process
Hamate
62
IP portion of DIP abbreviation
Interphalangeal
63
Lateral bone of forearm
Radius
64
Palpable landmarks on each side of distal humerus
Epicondyles
65
Bones in the palm of the hand
Metacarpals
66
Process located on anterior, proximal ulna
Coronoid
67
Upper arm bone
Humerus
68
On which hand surface should the hand be rested when performing the lateral projection image of the fourth or fifth digit?
Medial (ulnar)
69
For lateral projections of the third or fourth digit, why should the affected digit be positioned so that its long axis is parallel with the IR?
To demonstrate the bones and joints accurately
70
How many degrees from the PA position should a finger be rotated for PA oblique projection?
45 degrees
71
Which two groups of joints of the hand and digits should be demonstrated open on the image of the PA projection of the hand?
Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal
72
Which projection of the hand should demonstrate superimposed phalanges?
Lateral, in extension
73
Group of bones that are the primary interest in lateral projection of hand?
Phalanges
74
Lateral hand projection is best used to demonstrate:
1. Foreign bodies
2. Displacement of fractures in the metacarpals
3. The phalanges
1 and 2 only
75
What projection of the thumb may be substituted if the patient is unable to maintain the required position for the AP projection?
PA
76
All thumb images should include which carpal within the collimated field?
Trapezium
77
For the lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?
Flexed 90 degrees
78
For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR?
Medial
79
What bones should be superimposed for the lateral projection of the wrist?
Metacarpals, carpals, radius, ulna
80
How much should the wrist wash rotated for the PA oblique projection?
45 degrees
81
For the PA oblique projection when the scaphoid is of primary interest, the scaphoid can sometimes be better demonstrated if the patient deviates the hand and wrist toward the:
Ulna
82
Which bone is of interest in the PA projection of the wrist in Ulnar deviation?
Scaphoid
83
To delineate a fracture line better with a PA projection of the wrist in Ulnar deviation, how many degrees and in which direction may the central ray be directed?
10 to 15 degrees proximally or distally
84
Which carpal bone is of interest in the PA projection of the wrist (stecher method)?
Scaphoid
85
How far from horizontal should the IR be inclined toward the elbow in the Stecher method (PA projection of the wrist)?
20 degrees
86
When using a wedge to elevate the IR in the stecher method (pa projection of the wrist), how should the central ray be directed toward the wrist?
Perpendicularly
87
If no wedge is used to angle the IR in the Stecher method, how should the central ray be directed toward the wrist?
At a 20-degree angle toward the elbow
88
In the tangential (Gaynor-hart) method, how should the long axis of the hand be positioned, in reference to the plane of the IR?
Vertical
89
In the tangential (Gaynor-hart) method, how should the central ray be angled, in reference to the long axis of the hand?
25 to 30 degrees
90
For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?
Fully extended
91
If the hand is probated for the AP projection of the forearm, the image will demonstrate the:
Radius and ulna crossed over each other
92
For the lateral projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?
Flexed 90 degrees
93
True or false: The hand should be probated for the lateral projection.
False: lateral w/thumb side up
94
For the AP projection of the elbow, why should the hand be positioned with the palm facing up?
To prevent rotation of the bones of the forearm
95
For the lateral projection of the elbow, how should the hand be adjusted?
Lateral with the thumb side up
96
How many degrees of flexion of the elbow are necessary for the lateral projection?
90 degrees
97
How should the humeral epicondyles appear in the image of the lateral projection of the elbow?
Superimposed
98
How much medial rotation of the elbow is needed to position it for AP oblique projections?
45 degrees
99
Which AP oblique projection positioning movement (medial rotation or lateral rotation) requires the hand to be pronated?
Medial rotation
100
For the AP distal humerus projection (partially flexed elbow), what part of the upper limb should be parallel and in contact with the IR?
Distal humerus
101
In the AP distal humerus projection (partially flexed elbow) what part of the upper limb will appear greatly foreshortened in the image?
Proximal radius and ulna
102
For the AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow) what part of the upper limb should be parallel and in contact with the IR?
Radius and ulna
103
Distal humerus will be foreshortened
AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow)
104
Coronoid process should be seen in profile
AP oblique projection, medial rotation position
105
Olecranon process should be seen in profile
Lateral projection
106
Radial head should be projected free of of the ulna
AP oblique projection, lateral rotation position
107
Humeral epicondyles should not be rotated or superimposed
AP projection
108
How should the hand be placed for the AP projection of the humerus?
Supinated
109
The superimposition of what structures confirms that a true lateral image was produced?
Humeral epicondyles
110
Where is the centering point for the central ray for the AP projection of the the thumb?
First metacarpophalangeal joint
111
Which projection of the thumb requires the patient to rotate the hand into extreme internal rotation?
AP projection
112
Where is the centering point for the central ray for the PA projection of the third digit of the hand?
Proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd digit
