Chapter 4: Tissues

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

Composed of groups of similar cells with a common function.

4 types:
1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

The study of tissues

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands. (Ex. Skin)

Functions:
- acts as boundary between inside/outside environment
- selectively permeable barrier
- secrets products produced by the cells making up the tissue (ex. sweat)
- protects from dangers

Question 4

Connective tissue

Answer 4

Found everywhere in the body (note: blood is connective tissue)

Functions:
- holds cells together
- protects vital organs
- transports substances
- insulates
- energy storage (stores triglycerides)
- immune response with white blood cells

All connective tissues contain cells, ground substance, and fibres

Question 5

Cells in connective tissue

Answer 5

Fibroblasts - crests matrix
Chondroblasts - cartilage cells
Osteoblasts - bone cells
Adipocytes - fat cells (triglycerides)
White blood cells - in immune system
Mast cells - in immune system (release heparin and histomine
Macrophages - in immune system (looks for invaders/cellular debris)

Question 6

Blasts

Answer 6

Immature cells which form the extracellular matrix. They are also active in cell division.

Question 7

Cytes

Answer 7

Mature cells that don’t divide much anymore and no longer make extracellular matrix, but they do maintain it.

Question 8

Ground substance

Answer 8

Fills the space between cells and surrounds the fibres.

Contains water, polysaccharides, and proteins.

Functions:
- stores water
- supports cells
- binds cells together
- helps exchange between cells and blood

Question 9

Fibres

Answer 9

Are produced by cells

3 types:
1) Collogen fibres
2) Elastic fibres
3) Reticular fibres

Question 10

Collogen fibres

Answer 10

Long, straight fibres composed of collagen protein (must abundant protein in the body)

Question 11

Elastic fibres

Answer 11

Thin, branched fibres composed of elastine protein

Found in skin, lungs, vessel walls

Question 12

Reticular fibres in

Answer 12

Short, thin branched networks of fibres composed of collagen and glycoprotein.

Act as a supporting mesh in soft tissues

Question 13

Muscle tissue

Answer 13

Consists of cells (fibres) that contract to produce body movement

3 kinds:
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth

Question 14

Skeletal muscle

Answer 14

Structure:
- many nuclei per cell
- long cylindrical cells
- under voluntary control
- attached to bones
- peripheral nucleus
- striations

Function: moves bones in skeleton

Question 15

Cardiac muscle

Answer 15

Structure:
- one nucleus
- branched, short fibres
- under involuntary control
- striations
- found in walls of the heart

Function: contracts heart to propel blood

Question 16

Smooth muscle

Answer 16

Structure:
- one nucleus
- short, spindle-shaped cells
- under involuntary control
- no striations
- found in walls of hollow organs

Function: to propel contents of hollow organs

Question 17

Nervous tissue

Answer 17

The main component of the nervous system which regulates and controls body functions

2 major cell types:
- Neurons
- Neuroglia

Question 18

Neurons

Answer 18

Nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 19

Neuroglia

Answer 19

More numerous and non-conducting cells which function in support, insulation, and protection of the neurons.