Chapter 14: The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards
4 major regions of the brain
- Cerebral hemispheres - cerebrum and the basal nuclei
- Diencephalon - includes the thalamus and hypothalamus
- Brain stem - include the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
- Cerebellum - includes important control centers
Longitudinal fissure
Separates the right, and left cerebral hemispheres
What are the 4 visible lobes on the brain?
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
Grey matter
Makes up the cerebral cortex and is full of neuronal dendrites to communicate with nearby neurons
White matter
Lies underneath the cerebral cortex (grey matter). It is full of neuronal axons to transmit impulses to the spinal cord
What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
- Sensory area - receive and interpret info from sensory receptors. Located in the posterior (back) half of the hemisphere
- Motor area - control the motor functions. Located in the posterior (back) of the frontal lobe
- Association area - located in areas throughout all the lobes (associated with sensory and motor functions)
Primary somatosensory area
Located in the sensory area at the postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe)
- receive input from skin receptors for touch, pain, and temp.
- will also receive input from muscle, tendon, and ligament receptors about the bodies position/movement.
Primary visual area
Located in the sensory area on the medial surface of the occipital lobe
- receive impulses from the retina to the thalamus
Primary auditory area
Located in the sensory area on the superior part of the temporal lobe
- it will interpret sound, pitch, rhythm from the ears
Primary gustatory area
Located in the sensory area at the base of the postcentral gyrus
- will interpret taste info, allows us to perceive different tastes (taste discrimination)
Primary olfactory area
Located in the sensory area on the medial part of the temporal lobe
- will allow us to distinguish between various odours
Primary motor area
Located in motor area the precentral gyrus
- controls voluntary contractions of specific skeletal muscles
Bronca’s speech area
Located on the motor area that is close to the lateral sulcus (usually in the left hemisphere)
- it will direct muscles of the tongue, throat, and lips in order to produce speech
Non-fluent aphasia
A condition that can occur from damage to Broca’s speech area
- one with this condition will be able to come up with thoughts as to what they want to say, but their muscle can’t coordinate properly to actually say it.
Somatosensory association area
The association area located behind the somatosensory area
- will analyze, recognize, and act on sensory input in relation to past experiences. Stores these past experiences you’ve had in relation to pain, touch, and temp and allows you to make a proper similar reaction to it.