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A & P 1 > Chapter 4 - Tissue Level of Oganization > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Tissue Level of Oganization Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue Location

A

Every exposed body surface

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2
Q

Epithelial Function

A

Provides physical protection, controls permeability and absorption, secretion and filtration

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3
Q

Cellularity of epithelial tissue

A

composed of closely packed cells with very little intracellular material

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4
Q

Specialized contacts of epithelial tissue

A

cells that fit close together by means of tight junctions

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5
Q

Polarity of epithelial tissue

A

Always have an exposed surface and a basal surface attached to another tissue. cytoplasmic components are unevenly distributed.

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6
Q

Avascularity of epithelial tissue

A

No blood vessels nutrients are obtained by diffusion or absorption. there is also a large nerve supply.

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7
Q

Basal Lamina of epithelial tissue

A

Layer found next to the connective tissue

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8
Q

Regeneration of epithelial tissue

A

Continuous cell division

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9
Q

Basement Membrane of epithelial tissue

A

Consists of a layer closer to the epithelium, a basal lamina and reticular lamina, the deepest layer.

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10
Q

Squamous epithelial cells

A

usually, thin, flat, irregular, and nucleus is newar the surface

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11
Q

Cuboidal epithelial cells

A

Look like cubes, hexagonal shaped. Nucleus is in the center

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12
Q

Columnar epithelial cells

A

Tall with the nucleus near the basement membrane

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelia

A

Flat and scale-like. Absorption, secretion, and filtration by diffusion. Large nucleus and little cytoplasm. Found in airsacs of lungs, kidney, heart, and blood vessels.

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14
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

A

Single later, tall and wide. Function in secretion and absorption. Found in kidney microvilli, glands, and ovules.

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15
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelia

A

Tall, closely-packed, oval nucleus towards the bottom. Used for absorption and secretion. If secretion, elaborate golgi apparatus and ER. Found in digestive tract, where there’s dense microvilli, goblet cells. Found ciliated in oviducts and respiratory tract.

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16
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

A

External skin surface. Several layers, squamous on surface, basal cuboidal or columnar (can be mixed). Covers the tongue, mouth, and vagina.

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17
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia

A

Mostly in glands. Very rare

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18
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelia

A

Rare, used for protection and secretion. in stomach junction, pharynx, and male urethra.

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19
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelia

A

One layer, but looks like more

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20
Q

Transitional Epithelia

A

Lining of the urinary organs. It stretches.

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21
Q

Mucus membrane

A

Lines body cavities, open to the exterior. There for absorption and secretion. Have a lamina propria, connective tissue lying under the epithelial sheet

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22
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

Found in the skin

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23
Q

Serous membrane

A

Found in ventral body cavities. Most have a visceral and a parietal layer. They protect and lubricate.

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24
Q

Gland

A

one or more cells that produce and secrete a product

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25
Q

Endocrine

A

ductless glands that secrete hormones

26
Q

Exocrine

A

More numerous than endocrine glands. Secrete into ducts. Unicellular produce mucin and don’t have ducts. Multicellular are either simple, single or branched, or compound, have branched/divided ducts.

27
Q

Tubular Glands

A

have secreion cells in the form of a tube

28
Q

Alveolar Glands

A

cells are in small sacks

29
Q

Tubuloalveolar Glands

A

cells are shaped like both tubes and sacks

30
Q

Merocrine Glands

A

Mostly exocrine, secrete by exocytosis

31
Q

Holocrine Glands

A

Cell fills up, then bursts

32
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Apex fills, pinches off, then secretion is released.

33
Q

Serous Gland

A

Secretes watery substance

34
Q

Mucous Gland

A

Secretes mucin

35
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Most abundant type. Arises from the mesenchyme. Has various degrees of vascularity from none to abundant. It’s matrix is composed for non-living material.

36
Q

Connective Tissue Functions

A

Binding, support, protection, insulation, and transportation.

37
Q

Ground Substance of connective tissue

A

Fluid that fills the space between the cells and contains fibers. It functions as a filter.

38
Q

Fibers of connective tissue

A

Extracellular protein. Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. Also known as adhesive proteins.

39
Q

4 Types of Connective Tissue

A

1) Connective Tissue Proper ( Fibroblasts) 2) Cartilage (Chondroblasts) 3) Bone (Osteoblasts) 4) Blood (Hemocytoblasts

40
Q

Areaolar Connective Tissue (Loose)

A

Semifluid ground substance. Has all 3 fiber types. Serves as a packing around organs, provides cushioning, supports epithelium, surrounds blod vessels, and stores fat.

41
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue (Loose)

A

Large number of adipocytes. Mostly cellular, very little matrix. Protects and insulates, slows heat loss. Primarily for nutrient storage.

42
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue (Loose)

A

Has fibers in its loose ground. Found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

43
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

Usually collagen, very loosely packed. They form tendons and ligaments.

44
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

Irregular arrangement of collagen. Found in the dermis of the skin

45
Q

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

A

Has elastic fibers, can stretch more than the others. Found in the aorta.

46
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most abundant type of cartilage. Provides firm support. Has collagen fibers, and is the base structure of the fetal skeleton.

47
Q

Cartilage

A

Gel matrix with mineral deposits. It lacks nerve fibers and is avascular.

48
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Thick collagen. Found in the intervertebral discs and knee cartilage. Gives strong support and withstands heavy pressure.

49
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Has elastic fibers in its matrix. Found in the ear and epiglottis.

50
Q

Blood

A

a fluid connective tissue. Cells are suspended in a water matrix with dissolved proteins. Ex: RBCs and WBCs in a fluid matrix called plasma.

51
Q

Bone

A

a calcified matrix there to support and protect

52
Q

Mesenchyme

A

embryonic connective tissue

53
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Elongated and highly cellular

54
Q

3 types of Muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

55
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Found in the nervous system, brain and spinal cord. Regulates and controls body functions.

56
Q

2 major cell types of nervous tissue

A

Neurons - generate and conduct impulses Neuroglial cells - non conducting, but support and protect the neurons.

57
Q

Tissue Repair

A

Inflammatory response, when tissue is injured. It is non specific

58
Q

Regeneration

A

Regenerate the same type of cell

59
Q

Fibrosis

A

Damaged tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue

60
Q

3 Develeopmental Germ Layers

A

1) Ectoderm 2) Mesoderm 3) Endoderm

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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