Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body Flashcards
The study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye is _________ _________.
Gross Anatomy
Sliced into different sections/slides is _________ ________.
Cross-Sectional Anatomy
The study of the change in the body structures from conception to birth is ___________ ___________.
Developmental Anatomy
The study of cells and cell structure is ________.
Cytology
The study of tissue is ________.
Histology
Permit visualization without dissection. X-rays, tomography, MRIs, ultrasound, and PET are examples of _________ _________.
Non-invasive techniques
The study of function is called _______.
Physiology
Irritability; the ability to detect or respond to an external stimulus is called __________ or __________.
Responsiveness or excitability
The ability to alter a physiological operation or a species to change over time is __________.
Adaptability
Executing a series of complex chemical reactions which some molecules are broken down while other are built is __________.
Metabolism
The ability to increase in size from the inside to the outside is called _________.
Growth
The ability to make a copy, similar to the original is __________. Hint: It is controlled by hormones
Reproduction
Having to be able to eliminate body waste is called _________.
Excretion
___________ is promoted by the muscular system.
Movement
Particles make up all matter, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons are called __________ ____________.
Subatomic Organization
Combinations of subatomic particles from structures known as atoms is called _________ __________.
Atomic Organization
Combinations of atoms held together by energy interactions known as chemical bonds are called _________.
Molecular Bonds
Small subcellular structures that perform specific functions for the cell is _________.
Organelle
An organisms basic unit of structure. The lowest level of organization that can perform all the activities required for life.
The cell
A group of cells working together to carry out the same function is a _________.
Tissue
Organs
Various combinations of the 4 types of tissues, at least 2 types form an organ
Organ System
organ combinations that work together to perform a common function
Organism
A combination of all previous levels working together
Homeostasis
the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment
Receptor
a sensor that monitors the variable. it provides the input to the control center
Control center
determines the set point, the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained
Effector
Responsible for carrying out the response for the control center
Negative feedback
the output of a control system is fed back to the input of the system which it causes to move in the opposite direction of the output
Positive feedback
part of the output feedback and increases the input. leads to exaggerated increases in output. it normally disrupts homeostasis where constancy is the goal
Anatomical position
the body ius erect with feel slightly apart and palms face forward
Axial
head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular
upper and lower limbs
Sagittal plane
divide left from right
Frontal plane
divide front from back
Transverse plane
cross section, top from bottom, inferior from superior
Oblique
cross section cut out at an angle
Dorsal Body Cavity
houses the central nervous system
Cranial cavity
within the skill, houses the brain
Vertebral cavity
houses the spinal cavity
Thoracic cavity
Upper; has the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea
Abdominopelvic cavity
lower, all other major organs
Ventral Body Cavity
houses all the body organs
Serous Membranes
cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of an organ. Secrete fluid for lubrication called serous fluid which reduces friction
Parietal Membrane
Lines the body cavity walls
Visceral Membrane
Covers the outer surface of the organ
9 regions
epigastric, right/left hypochondriac, umbilical, right/left lumbar, hypogastric, right/left iliac
4 quadrants
right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.
Integumentary System
protects internal organs from drying out, bacterial infections, chemical substances, and physical factors
Skeletal System
protects and supports the body organs
Muscular System
Alloqs movement or locomotion
Lymphatic System
Returns leaked fluid to the blood and have white blood cells
Immune System
Protects against foreign substances
Nervous System
Control system of the body
Reproductive System
produces offspring
Urinary System
Elimination of wastes, regulates water and electrolytes
Endocrine System
Secretes hormones, controls metabolism
Cardiovascular System
Blood vessels, heart. Responsible for transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.
Digestive System
Breaks down food for cell usage
Respiratory System
Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
