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Psych Midterm > Chapter 4: The Physical Basis of Behavior(brain) > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Physical Basis of Behavior(brain) Flashcards

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1
Q

action potential

A

the electrical signal arising in a neuron’s action

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2
Q

agonists

A

drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters

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3
Q

amygdala

A

a subcortical structure located in the temporal lobe believed to participate in emotional processing

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4
Q

antagonists

A

drugs that inhibit the actions of neurotransmitters

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

the division of the peripheral nervous system that directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles

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6
Q

axons

A

the branch of the neuron that is usually responsible for transmitting information to other neurons

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7
Q

basal ganglia

A

a collection of subcortical structures that participate in the control of movement

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8
Q

brainstem

A

the part of the brain containing midbrain, pons, and medulla

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9
Q

cell body

A

the large, central mass of the neuron, containing the necleus

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10
Q

central nervous system(CNS)

A

the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

a structure attached to the brainstem that participates in skilled movement, in humans, complex cognitive processes

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12
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

cingulate cortex

A
  • a subcortical structure above the corpus callosum
  • its anterior(forward) segment participates in decision making
  • its posterior(rear) segment participates in memory and visual processing
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14
Q

corpus callosum

A

a wide band of nerve fibres connection the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

dendrites

A

a branch from a neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons

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16
Q

endocrine system

A

a system responsible for the release of hormones into the bloodstream

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17
Q

enteric nervous system

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerve cells embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system

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18
Q

executive functions

A

the set of basic and higher level cognitive processes that enable self-regulation and behaviour control

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19
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • the most forward of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex
  • location of the primary motor cortex and areas responsible for some of the most complex cognitive processes
20
Q

glia

A

nervous system cells that perform a variety of support functions including formation of the blood-brain barrier and myelin

21
Q

hippocampus

A

a subcortical structure that participates in memory

22
Q

hypothalamus

A

a subcortical structure that participates in the regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sexual behaviour, and aggression

23
Q

medulla

A

the brainstem structure that lies just above the spinal cord

24
Q

midbrain

A

the part of the brainstem that lies between the pons and the cerebral hemishperes

25
Q

myelin

A

the insulating material covering some axons

26
Q

neurogenesis

A

the generation of new neurons

27
Q

neurons

A

a cell of the nervous system that is specialized to send and receive neural messagess

28
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of neurons to change in structures and function throughout the lifespan

29
Q

neurotransmitters

A

a chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse

30
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

a subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction

31
Q

occipital lobe

A
  • the lobe of the cerebral cortex located at the back of the brain
  • location of the primary visual cortex
32
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A
  • a part of the prefrontal cortex
  • located right behind the eyes
  • participates in impulse control
33
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system
- associated with rest, repair, and energy storage

34
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • the lobe of the cerebral cortex that lies at the top of the brian between the frontal and occipital lobes
  • location of the primary somatosensory cortex
35
Q

peripheral nervous system(PNS)

A

the nerves exiting the CNS that carry sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body

36
Q

pons

A

a part of the brainstem located between the medulla and the midbrain

37
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

the most forward part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

38
Q

receptors

A

a special channel in the membrane of a neuron that interacts with neurotransmitters released by other neurons

39
Q

resting potential

A

the measure of the electrical charge across a neural membrane when the neuron is not processing infromation

40
Q

reticular formation

A

a collection of structures located along the midline of the brainstem that participate in mood, arousal, and sleep

41
Q

reuptake

A

a process in which molecules of neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap are returned to the axons terminal where they are released

42
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • part of the peripheral nervous system
  • brings sensory information to the central nervous system
  • transmits commands to the muscles
43
Q

spinal cord

A
  • a long cylinder of neural tissue
  • extends from the medulla of the brain down to the middle of the back
  • part of the CNS
44
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • a division of the autonomic nervous system
  • coordinates arousal
45
Q

synapse

A

a point of communication between two neurons

46
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • the lobe of the cerebral cortex that curves around the side of each hemisphere
  • location of the primary auditory cortex
47
Q

thalamus

A
  • a subcortial strcure
  • involved with the processing of sensory information, state of arousal, learning, and memory

Psych Midterm (6 decks)

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