Chapter 11: Life Span and Development

Question 1

accommodation

Answer 1

the incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema

Question 2

adolescence

Answer 2

a period of development beginning at puberty and ending at young adulthood

Question 3

assimilation

Answer 3

the incorporation of new learning into an existing schema without the need to revise the schema

Question 4

attachment

Answer 4

emotional bond linking an infant to a parent or caregiver

Question 5

circular reactions

Answer 5

repetitive actions observed in children during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development

Question 6

concrete operational stage

Answer 6

• jean paiget’s stage of developmental
• beginning at age 6 and ending at age 12
• characterized by logical reasoning

Question 7

conservation

Answer 7

the ability to understand that changing in the appearance of an object does not change its quantity

Question 8

conventional morality

Answer 8

• lawrence kohlberg’s stage of moral development
• moral choices are made according to law or public opinion

Question 9

egocentrism

Answer 9

limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people

Question 10

embryo

Answer 10

used to describe a baby in the making between 3 and 8 weeks

Question 11

equilibration

Answer 11

the process by which a child engages in assimilation and accommodation in order to make sense of the world

Question 12

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD)

Answer 12

• condition that occur cause pregnant drinking
• effects can include physical abnormalities, cognitive problems, and behavioral problems

Question 13

fetus

Answer 13

• used to describe a baby in production; between 8 and 40 weeks

Question 14

formal operational stage

Answer 14

• jean paigets stage of development
• beginning at age 12 and extending though adulthood
• characterized by mature reasoning capabilities

Question 15

identity

Answer 15

a consistent, unified sense of self

Question 16

insecure attachment

Answer 16

• a pattern of infant-caregiver bonding
• less desirable for child’s outcomes than secure attachment

Question 17

menopause

Answer 17

the complete cessation of a woman’s menstrual cycles

Question 18

object permanence

Answer 18

the ability to form mental representations of objects that are not longer present

Question 19

post-conventional morality

Answer 19

• lawrence kohlbergs stage
• moral choices are made according to personal standards and reason

Question 20

pre-conventional morality

Answer 20

• lawrence kohlbergs stage
• moral choices are made according to expectations of reward or punishment

Question 21

preoperational stage

Answer 21

• jean paiget’s stage of development
• begins at age 2 and ends at age 6
• characterized by use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically

Question 22

pruning

Answer 22

the process where unused neurons and synapses are eliminated to enable more efficient neural processing

Question 23

puberty

Answer 23

a period of physical changes leading to sexual maturity

Question 24

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 24

physical changes occurring at puberty associated with sexual maturity

Question 25

secure attachment

Answer 25

• a pattern of infant-caregier bodning
• children explore confidently and return to parent//caregiver to reassurance

Question 26

sensorimotor stage

Answer 26

• jean paiget’s stage of development
• begins at age 2
• characterized by active exploration of the environment

Question 27

teratogen

Answer 27

a chemical agent that can harm zygote, embryo, or fetus

Question 28

theory of mind(TOM)

Answer 28

the understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one’s own

Question 29

zone of proximal development

Answer 29

• part of vygotsky’s theory
• tasks that the child can accomplish with the assistance of more experienced people

Question 30

zygote

Answer 30

a term used to describe a developing baby immediately after conception until the embryo stage(first 2 weeks)