Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Lab > Chapter 4: the Cell (Anatomy & Division) > Flashcards

Chapter 4: the Cell (Anatomy & Division) Flashcards

1
Q

3 major regions of animal cells

A

nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nucleus

A

Control center of the cell; necessary for reproduction; contains DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chromatin

A

threadlike form of DNA loosely dispersed throughout the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chromosomes

A

coiled and condescend chromatin when the cell is in the process of forming daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nucleoli

A

contained in the nucleus; composed of proteins and RNA; assembly sites for ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesizing factories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double layered porous membrane that binds the nucleus; has large nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nuclear pore

A

protein complexes regulate nuclear pores and determine what passes through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

plasma membrane

A

separates cell contents from the surrounding environment. Fluid mosaic model- bilayer of phospholipid molecules. Selectively permeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Active transport

A

cell must provide energy (ATP) to power transport process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive transport

A

transport process driven by concentration or pressure differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microvilli

A

greatly increase the surface area of the cell available for absorption or passage of materials and for the binding of signaling molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cytosol

A

fluid cytoplasmic material in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

organelles

A

literally, “small organs” highly organized to carry out specific functions; include ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, perioxisomes, mitochondria, cytoskeletal elements and centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribosomes

A

densely staining, roughly spherical bodies composed of RNA and proteins. Actual sites of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

highly folded system of membranous tubules and cisterns that extends throughout the cytoplasm; continuous with the nuclear envelope

17
Q

Rough ER

A

studded with ribosomes; external face synthesizes phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis

18
Q

Smooth ER

A

no function in protein synthesis; site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification

19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

stack of flattened sacks with bulbous ends; packages proteins or other substances for export

20
Q

Lysosomes

A

various sized membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes; digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances entering the cell

21
Q

Peroxisomes

A

small lysosome like membraneous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and other harmful chemicals

22
Q

Mitochondria

A

rod shaped bodies with double membrane wall; inner membrane is made into folds (cristae); contain enzymes that produce ATP; the “powerhouses of the cell”

23
Q

cytoskeletal elements

A

form internal scaffolding called the cytoskeleton that supports and moves substances within the cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

24
Q

microtubules

A

organize the cytoskeleton and form spindle during cell division

25
Q

microfilaments

A

ribbon and cordlike; actin; shorten and relax to form elongated shape; important in cell mobility

26
Q

intermediate filaments

A

act as internal guy wires to resist mechanical pulling forces acting on cells

27
Q

Centrioles

A

paired, cylindrical bodies that lie at right angles to each other; direct the formation of miotic spindle during cell division; form the bases of cilia and flagella

28
Q

Cell life cycle

A

consists of two stages - interphase and cell division

29
Q

Interphase

A

longer period during which the cell grows and carries on normal activites

30
Q

Cell division

A

when the cell reproduces itself by dividing; DNA is copied exactly; consists of mitosis and cytokinesis

31
Q

Mitosis

A

division of the copied DNA of the mother cell to two daughter cells

32
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm; begins when mitosis is nearly complete; in some instances of mitosis, cytokinesis does not occur; this leads to the formation of binucleate or multinucleate cells.

33
Q

Meiosis

A

specialized type of nuclear division that occurs only in the reproductive organs (testes or ovaries). Yields 4 daughter nuclei that differ genetically from the mother cell

34
Q

Phases of Mitosis (4)

A

1) Prophase, 2) metaphase, 3) Anaphase, 4) telophase

A&P Lab (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions