Chapter 1: Language of Anatomy Flashcards
gross anatomy
study of body structures visible to the naked eye
anatomical position
body is erect; feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward; arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward
Axial
relating to the head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body
Appendicular
relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis
Abdominal
anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs
Acromial
point of the shoulder
Antebrachial
forearm
Antecubital
anterior surface of the elbow
Axillary
armpit
Brachial
Arm
Buccal
cheek
Carpal
wrist
Cephalic
head
Cervical
neck region
Coxal
hip
Crural
leg
Digital
fingers and toes
Femoral
thigh
Fibular (peroneal)
Side of the leg
Frontal
Forehead
Hallux
big toe
Inguinal
groin area
Mammary
breast region
Manus
Hand
Mental
chin
nasal
Nose
Oral
mouth
Orbital
bony eye socket
Palmar
palm of the hand
Patellar
anterior knee region
Pedal
foot
Pelvic
pelvis region
Pollex
thumb
Pubic
genital region
Sternal
region of the breastbone
Tarsal
ankle
Thoracic
chest
Umbiblical
naval
Calcaneal
heel of the foot
Dorsum
back
Gluteal
buttocks
Lumbar
area of the back between the ribs and hips
Occipital
posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull
Olecranal
posterior aspect of the elbow
Otic
ear
Pedal
foot
Perineal
region between the anus and external genitalia
Plantar
sole of the foot
Popliteal
back of the knee
Sacral
region between the hips
Scapular
shoulder blade area
Sural
Calf or posterior surface of the leg
Vertebral
Area of the spinal column
Superior/inferior
above/below (nose is superior to the mouth, abdomen is inferior to the chest
Anterior/posterior
front/back (the spine is posterior to the heart)
Medial/lateral
towards the midline/ away from the midline or median plane (the sternum is medial to the ribs; the ear is lateral to the nose)
Cephalad (cranial)/caudal
toward the head/toward the tail; in humans, used interchangeably with superior and inferior
Dorsal/ventral
backside/bellyside
Proximal/distal
Nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or point of attachment (fingers are distal to the elbow; the knee is proximal to the toes
Superficial (external)/deep (internal)
toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface. (the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles, the lungs are deep to the rib cage
Saggital plane
runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts.
Midsaggital/median plane
divides the body into equal parts, right down the midline of the body
Frontal plane
also coronal plane; the frontal plane is a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse plane
Runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
cross sections
when organs are sectioned along the transverse plane
cranial cavity
contains the brain within the skull
vertebral (spinal) cavity
contains the spinal cord
dorsal cavity
subdivided into the cranial and vertebral column
ventral cavity
subdivided into the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
contains the heart and lungs; separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the diaphragm
abdominal cavity
contains the digestive viscera (stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs)
abdominopelvic cavity
has two areas: abdominal and pevlic
pelvic cavity
contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
Serosa/serous membrane
thin, double-layered membrane that covers wall of the ventral cavity and outer surfaces of organs
parietal serosa
part of the serous membrane lining the cavity walls
visceral serosa
part of the serous membrane lining the external surface of the organs within the cavity; allows the organs to slide over one another or rub against the body with minimal friction
peritoneum
serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs
pleura
serosa lining enclosing the lungs
pericardium
serosa lining around the heart
abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower
