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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 4: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major parts of the cell?

A

Plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

Which part of the cell consists of a phospholipid bilateral?

A

Plasma/cell membrane

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3
Q

Region between nucleus and plasma membrane that contains cytosol and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Thick gel-like guild comprised of water and proteins

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

Structures suspended within cytosol

A

Organelles

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6
Q

Cylinder composed of 9 groups of 3 microtubules; 2 in each cell

A

Centrioles

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7
Q

Long, slender projections of plasma membrane

A

Cilia

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8
Q

Long, whip-like outward projection

A

Flagellum

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9
Q

Numerous tiny outward folds of plasma membrane

A

Microvilli (or microvillus)

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10
Q

Small spherical structures of RNA either attached to rough ER or free floating in cytosol

A

Ribosomes

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11
Q

Parallel flattened sacs with attached ribosomes, continuous with nuclear envelope

A

Rough ER

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12
Q

Branching tube-shaped sacks (no ribosomes) that are continuous with rough ER

A

Smooth ER

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13
Q

Series of flattened, disc-shaped stacks (pancakes)

A

Golgi complex (apparatus)

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14
Q

Bean or rod-shaped structure with inner folded membrane

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Small spherical structure made in Golgi complex

A

Lysosome

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16
Q

Small spherical structure formed from ER

A

Peroxisome

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17
Q

Rods of protein

A

Cytoskeleton

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18
Q

Small spherical sac formed from Golgi complex

A

Secretory vesicle

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19
Q

Large spherical structure in center of cell

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

Double membrane with nuclear pores surrounding neoplasm

A

Nuclear membrane

21
Q

Gel-like material within nucleus containing chromatin and nucleoli

A

Nucleoplasm

22
Q

Small mass with RNA and protein

A

Nucleolus or nucleoli

23
Q

Threadlike material composed of DNA and proteins

A

Chromatin

24
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane

A

Provides barrier to cell, regulates movement of materials in/out of the cell, cellular communication

25
Q

What does cytosol do?

A

Transports materials between organelles

26
Q

What does a centriole do?

A

Forms the mitotic spindle during mitosis

27
Q

What do cilia do?

A

Propel substances across a cell’s surface

28
Q

Purpose of a flagellum

A

To move a sperm

29
Q

Function of microvilli

A

Increase surface area for absorption; sensory detection (taste and hearing)

30
Q

Primary function of a ribosome

A

Synthesize polypeptides

31
Q

What does the rough ER do?

A

Synthesize protein, synthesize plasma membrane components

32
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Detoxify drugs/alcohol, synthesize lipids, stores calcium

33
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

A

Synthesize carbohydrates, modifies polypeptides, adds carbs to glycoproteins, packages products into lysosomes or secretory vesicles

34
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

Synthesizes ATP through aerobic respiration

35
Q

What does a lysosome do?

A

Uses enzymes to digest phagocytized materials (bacteria), extra/nonessential components within cell, or whole cells; uses enzymes to breakdown glycogen into glucose

36
Q

What does peroxisome do?

A

Uses enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify alcohol, drugs and free radicals

37
Q

What does cytoskeleton do?

A

Supports cell structure; stabilizes positioning of organelles; participates in cell division; produces cell movement; attaches cells to surroundings

38
Q

What does a secretory vesicle do?

A

Releases products from cell through exocytosis

39
Q

What does a nuclear membrane do?

A

Regulates movement of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

40
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

Synthesizes RNA

41
Q

What does chromatin do?

A

Contains genes that control protein synthesis

42
Q

What is diffusion? Is it passive?

A

Process by which chemicals move from high [] to low []; yes

43
Q

What are the effects of temperature, gradient and molecular weight on diffusion?

A

As temperature increases, diffusion increases; as gradient increases, diffusion increases; as molecular weight increases, diffusion decreases

44
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Passive process involving movement of water from high water [] to low water [] across semipermeable membrane

45
Q

What is the ability of a cell to alter its size through osmosis?

A

Tonicity

46
Q

What is a hypertonic solution? What does this cause a cell to do in size?

A

A solution in which solute [] is greater outside the cell than inside; shrink

47
Q

What is a hypotonic solution? What does it cause a cell to do in size?

A

A solution in which the solute concentration is lower outside than inside the cell; swell

48
Q

What is the word for shrink?

A

Crenate

49
Q

What is the word for rupture?

A

Lyse

Anatomy 1 (6 decks)

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