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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 2: Body Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What lines the body cavities?

A

Membranes

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2
Q

Name the 2 cavities on the posterior side of the body

A

Cranial cavity and vertebral canal

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3
Q

What are the cranial and vertebral cavities lined with?

A

Meninges

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4
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

The diaphragm

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5
Q

Name the 2 main cavities on the anterior side of body

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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6
Q

What smaller cavities are contained in the thoracic cavity?

A

Two pleural cavities and a pericardial cavity

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7
Q

What cavity is each lung located in?

A

Pleural cavity

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8
Q

Which lung contains the heart?

A

Pericardial cavity

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9
Q

What region is the pericardial cavity located in?

A

The mediastinum

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10
Q

What structures does the mediastinum contain?

A

The heart, esophagus, thymus, trachea and great vessels

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11
Q

Describe where the mediastinum is

A

Between the lungs, between the sternum and vertebrae, and between the base of the neck and diaphragm

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12
Q

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?

A

Thoracic cavity

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13
Q

What cavity is inferior to the diaphragm?

A

The abdominopelvic cavity

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14
Q

The (blank) cavity is superior to the (blank) cavity: pelvic, abdominal

A

Abdominal; pelvic

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15
Q

Name some structures within the abdominal cavity

A

Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, ureters, most of large intestine

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16
Q

Name some structures within the pelvic cavity

A

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, urethra, rectum and anal canal

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17
Q

What are membranes?

A

Thin sheets of tissues that line the openings and cavities of the body

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18
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Membranes that line internal walls of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities; also cover the internal organs within these cavities

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19
Q

Outer layer of serous membrane

A

Parietal layer

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20
Q

Internal layer of serous membrane

A

Visceral layer

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21
Q

Layer of serous membrane that attaches to cavity wall

A

Parietal layer

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22
Q

Layer of serous membrane that attaches to surface of internal organ

A

Visceral layer

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23
Q

Serous fluid

A

Fluid produced by serous membrane cells that reduces friction between the two layers

24
Q

Describe the membranes that surround the heart

A

The serous pericardium consists of: visceral layer of serous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium; layers separated by pericardial cavity

25
Q

Describe the membranes around the lungs

A

The pleura consists of: visceral pleura and parietal pleura separated by the pleural cavity

26
Q

Describe the membranes surrounding the abdominal organs

A

The peritoneum consists of: visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum separated by the peritoneal cavity

27
Q

Region posterior to the parietal peritoneum

A

Retroperitonal space

28
Q

What region are the kidneys and pancreas in?

A

Retroperitonal space

29
Q

Name the 4 abdominal quadrants

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

30
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions

A

Right hypochondrium, epigastric region, left hypochondrium, left flank, umbilical region, right flank, right inguinal region, pubic region, and left inguinal region

31
Q

What is an organ?

A

A structure comprised of 2 or more tissues that performs a specific function (or functions) for the body

32
Q

Name examples of organs

A

Heart, lungs, stomach

33
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A combination of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis

34
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite changing external conditions

35
Q

Major organs of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood, bone marrow

36
Q

Major organs of the digestive (alimentary) system

A

Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

37
Q

Major organs of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, hypothalamus, pineal gland

38
Q

Major organs of the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands

39
Q

Major organs of the lymphoid system

A

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, lymph, tonsils, lymphoid tissues, lymphatic vessels

40
Q

Major organs of the muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles

41
Q

Major organs of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors, special sense organs

42
Q

Major organs of the reproductive system

A

Males: testes, urethra, penis, prostate, ductus deferents, epididymides, seminal vesicles, bulbo-urethral glands
Females: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

43
Q

Major organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones, cartilages and ligaments, bone marrow

44
Q

Major organs of the respiratory system

A

Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

45
Q

Major organs of the urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

46
Q

List some major functions of the urinary system

A

Maintain water/electrolyte/pH balance, eliminate nitrogenous wastes, regulate blood volume and BP, stimulate RBC production, detoxify chemicals

47
Q

List some major functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transport chemicals and heat throughout the body, provide defense, clot blood, regulate fluid/electrolyte/pH balance

48
Q

Name some major functions of the skeletal system

A

Support and protect softer body parts, store minerals, produce formed elements

49
Q

Name some of the major functions of the digestive (alimentary) system

A

Break down food particles to enable absorption into blood, eliminate solid wastes

50
Q

Name some major functions of the respiratory system

A

Exchange gases between blood and air, produce sound, regulate blood pH

51
Q

Name some major functions of the endocrine system

A

Produce hormones, direct internal communication and coordination

52
Q

Name some major functions of the reproductive system

A

Produce sex cells for fertilization to create new human, produce sex hormones, serve as site of embryonic and fetal development, nourish offspring

53
Q

Name some major functions of the integumentary system

A

Protect the body, prevent fluid loss, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, detect stimuli

54
Q

Name some major functions of the nervous system

A

Detect stimuli, process sensory information, control motor responses, direct internal communication and coordination

55
Q

Name some major functions of the lymphoid system

A

Protect the body from foreign particles and cells, remove dead and diseased cells, transport lipids to blood, remove excess fluid tissue and return to blood

56
Q

Name some major functions of the muscular system

A

Move the body, maintain posture, produce heat, control body openings

Anatomy 1 (6 decks)

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