chapter 4 textbook Flashcards
What was syphilis also known as?
bad blood
What was the Tuskegee syphilis study?
Black men living in the United States infected with syphilis were told they would receive treatment, and instead researchers didn’t treat them to see how the disease progressed. This led them to infect other people, and some even died. today african americans are suspicious of government health services
What was unethical about the Tuskegee syphilis study?
- not treated respectfully
- the men were harmed
- targeted a disadvantaged social group
What was the Milgram experiment?
A man in a white lab coat told participants to keep shocking a man. No man was actually being shocked, and they kept telling the participants to keep going. Because a “person in charge” was telling them to keep administering the shock, 65% of participants continued to do so knowing they were hurting someone. At the end, the man receiving the shocks said he was “unharmed,” but they never told participants they weren’t actually shocking him. Years later, many asked about the well-being of the man.
debrief definition
to inform participants afterward about a studys true nature, details, and hypotheses
belmont report
the principle of respect for persons
1. Participants should be free to make up their own minds about participating in research by getting informed consent
2. people who have less autonomy are entitled to special protection when it comes to informed consent ex: children, disabled, prisoners).
what is the principle of beneficence?
researchers must take precaution to ensure participants well-being and keep them safe from harm both physically and mentally and ensure confidentiality/anonymity.
principle of justice
fair balance of people who participate in research (not a single group ex: race, only prisoners, etc.)
Anyone who does research should do what kind of training?
ethics training ex: CITI program
APA’s five general principles
beneficence, justice, respect for persons, fidelity and responsibility: establish relationships of trust and integrity: strive to be accurate truthful and honest
What does the IRB do?
The IRB ensures that research using human participants is conducted ethically; colleges and hospitals have this. Private businesses are not required to.
is informed consent always required?
no, sometimes if the study is not likely to cause harm, is an anonymous questionnaire, or takes place in an educational setting, written informed consent may not be required
Is deception ethical?
It is a controversial topic; some think it should never be done, and others think under certain circumstances its fine to do. if you were to conduct a deception study, the researchers must still respect for persons by informing them of the benefits, risks and study activities
deception
the withholding of some details of a study from participants or the act of actively lying to them
data fabrication
a form of research misconduct in which a researcher invents data that fit the hypothesis
data falsification
a form of research misconduct in which a researcher influences a studys results, perhaps by deleting observations from a data set or by influencing participants to act in the hypothesized way
plagiarism
copying someone elses work
self-plagiarism
recycling your own old work
