Chapter 4 Test

Question 0

The electrons in the outermost energy level

Answer 0

Valence electrons

Question 1

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 1

Chadwick

Question 2

Within each principal energy level, electrons have greater probability of being found in certain regions, called sublevels. A series of small positive integers, called ____________ (l), are solu- tions to angular momentum equations that describe these sublevels.
sPD

Answer 2

azimuthal quantum numbers

Question 3

Physicists describe these energy levels as ___, meaning that energy emissions come only in certain amounts or quantities.

Answer 3

quantized

Question 4

This discovery led to the law of ______ This law states that every compound is formed of elements combined in specific ratios by mass that are unique for that compound.

Answer 4

Law of definite composition.

Question 5

1909 _____, one of Rutherford’s assistants, had one of his students design an experiment with a sheet of thin gold foil.

Answer 5

Hans Geiger

Question 6

Werner Heisenberg determined that it is impossible to know both the en- ergy or momentum and the exact position of an electron at the same time. This concept, known as the _____,

Answer 6

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 7

Naturally accuring silver consists…

Answer 7

107.9

Question 8

Describe the s sublevel

Answer 8

1 shape, 2 electrons, and in first energy level

Type of sublevel found in all

Question 9

P sublevel

Answer 9

3 shapes, 6 electrons, and second energy level

Question 10

D Sublevel

Answer 10

5 shapes, 10 electrons, and 3rd energy level

Question 11

f sublevel

Answer 11

7 shapes, 14 electrons, and fourth energy level

Question 12

Who has to do with atoms

Answer 12

Democritus

Question 13

Cathode rays dealt with what?

Answer 13

Electron

Question 14

The central positive

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

negative charged ion

Answer 15

Anion

Question 16

Whose model dealt with different masses

Answer 16

Bohrs model

Question 17

Who discovered the proton

Answer 17

Rutherford

Question 18

If you Lose electron you have a ___ charge

Answer 18

Positive charge

Question 19

Who believed that the ratio has to be large

Answer 19

JJ Thomson

Question 20

Who dealt with prisms and spectroscopy

Answer 20

Gustav Kirchhoff

Robert Bunsen

Question 21

Who had a “planetary” model of the atom

Answer 21

Bohr

Question 22

What law dealt with samples of water

Answer 22

Law of definite composition

Question 23

_____rule states that as electrons fill a sublevel, all orbitals receive one electron with the same spin before they begin to pair up.

Answer 23

Hund’s rule

Question 24

______ principle at most 2 electrons per orbital - different spins

Answer 24

Pauli exclusion

Question 25

Nobel prize was given for ____

Answer 25

Cathode rays

Question 26

Who was associated with atomism

Answer 26

Democritus

Question 27

____ energized the atoms in the sample to be tested.

Answer 27

Flame

Question 28

_____ are solutions to the various wave equations sci- entists use to describe the energy, momentum, and probable location of an electron.

Answer 28

Quantum numbers

Question 29

The _______ (n) identifies the principal energy level.

Answer 29

principal quantum number

Question 30

The number of total electrons in a principal energy level equals ___ where n is the principal quantum number.

Answer 30

2n^2

Question 31

The ___ principle states that the arrangement of electrons in an atom is determined by adding electrons to an atom with a lower atomic number, that is, one with fewer electrons

Answer 31

Aufbau

Question 32

Positive ions are called ___.

Answer 32

cations

Question 33

How many electrons can first shell hold?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

How many can second shell hold?

Answer 34

8 electrons

Question 35

How many electrons can the third shell hold?

Answer 35

18

Question 36

Who discovered the nucleus and protons

Answer 36

Rutherford