Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards
Articulation
another term for joint, where two or more bones meet in the body
Arthrokinematics
the study of the movement of joint surfaces
Osteokinematics
deals with the angular/rotary movement occurring between two bones at synovial joints
Synarthroses Joint
a type of joint that is immovable or nearly immovable, and is characterized by a strong union between the bones that make up the joint
Diarthrosis Joint
a freely movable joint, also known as a synovial joint, that allows for a wide range of movement in the body
Fibrous Joint
a joint that connects bones with collagen-rich fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous Joint
a joint where bones are connected by cartilage, a tough but flexible connective tissue
Gomphosis
a type of joint that attaches the roots of teeth to their sockets in the upper and lower jaw bones
Non-axial Joint Movement
a type of joint movement that does not involve bending along an axis of movement
Uniaxial Joint Movement
allow for movement in a single plane or axis (flexion and extension)
Biaxial Joint Movement
allow for movement in two planes, or axes, and four types of movement: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Plane (Irregular) Joint Shape
shape of a plane joint is flat or slightly curved
Hinge Joint Shape
shape of a hinge joint is convex on one end and concave on the other
Pivot Joint Shape
a cylinder-shaped bone that fits into a ring-shaped bone
Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joint Shape
oval-shaped joints that allow for movement in two planes.
Sellar (Saddle) Joint Shape
shaped like a saddle
Ball and Socket Joint Shape
shaped like a rounded “ball” fitting into a cup-like “socket,”
Ligaments
tough fibrous band of tissue connecting the articular extremities of bones or supporting an organ in place
Capsule (Capsular Ligament)
a thickened area of a joint capsule that surrounds synovial joints
Synovial Membrane
a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inside of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae
Synovial Fluid
a thick, viscous liquid that lubricates and protects your joints
Cartilage
A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to the nose, ears, larynx, and other parts of the body
Hyaline Cartilage (Articular)
a type of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in joints
Fibrocartilage
a type of connective tissue that is tough, strong, and inflexible, and is made up of a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue
Labrum
a ring of cartilage or soft tissue that surrounds the socket of a ball and socket joint, like the shoulder or hip, to provide stability and cushioning
Intervertebral discs
a complex of three joints that connects adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column
Elastic Cartilage
a type of cartilage that is flexible and resilient to pressure
Tendons
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon Sheath
a layer of connective tissue that protects tendons and allows them to move smoothly
Aponeurosis
a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones
Thoracolumbar Fascia
complex, diamond-shaped layer of connective tissue that extends from the neck to the sacrum, surrounding the deep muscles of the back and trunk
Linea Alba
a band of white fibrous tissue running down the middle of the abdominal wall from the base of the sternum to the top of the pelvis
Bursae
an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints
End Feel
a type of sensation or feeling that the examiner experienced when the joint is at the end of its available passive range of motion in assessment.
Firm End Feel
a sensation of a firm, elastic response with a slight give
Hard End Feel
a hard (abrupt) sensation that is blocked by bone, and is painless in the normal patient
Boggy End Feel
a soft, mushy feeling that can occur in a joint when there is edema or joint effusion
Muscle Spasm
an involuntary and forceful contraction of a muscle that can’t relax
Empty End Feel
a type of abnormal end feel that occurs when a patient experiences significant pain during joint movement, even though there is no physical restriction to the movement
Springy Block
there is a piece of torn cartilage in the joint space generally in the knee
Ovoid Joints
a type of synovial joint that allows for movement in two planes
Joint Congruency
a medical term that describes how the articular surfaces of a joint fit together
Close-Packed Position
a joint position where the articulating bones have the most contact with each other, which results in maximum joint stability
Open-Packed Position
the position with the least amount of congruency where the capsule and ligaments are lax and joint play (accessory movement) is optimised
Joint Play
a passive movement between joint surfaces that is a key part of physical therapy
Joint Mobilization
a manual therapy technique that involves applying passive movements to a joint to improve its mobility and reduce pain
Dislocation
disturbance from a proper, original, or usual place or state
Subluxation
the medical term for a partial dislocation
Osteoarthritis
a chronic joint disease that occurs when cartilage breaks down in the joints, causing pain and stiffness
Sprains
an injury to the ligaments around a joint
3 Degrees of Sprains
Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe)
Degrees of Strains
Grade I (Mild): Tissue is stretched. Grade II (Moderate): Involves stretching and some tearing of tissue. Grade III (Severe): Complete tearing of tissue
Strains
occurs when muscle fibers cannot cope with the demands placed on them by exercise overload and leads to tearing of the fibers
Tendonitis
inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone
Synovitis
swelling (inflammation) in the synovial membrane that lines some of your joints
Tenosynovitis
inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath
Bursitis
a painful condition that occurs when a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions bones and joints, becomes inflamed
Capsular Pattern
a specific pattern of restricted movement in a joint that’s caused by a tight joint capsule
Symphysis
a joint in which the body (physis) of one bone meets the body of another
Syndesmosis
an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue
Synarthroses
an immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue
