Chapter 3 Terms Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
the part of the body’s skeleton that consists of the bones in the head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton
the part of the human body’s skeleton that includes the bones in the limbs, as well as the bones that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
Cancellous Bone
a type of bone tissue that has a spongy, porous, honeycomb-like structure
Compact Bone
a dense, hard tissue that forms the outer layer of bones in the human body
Wolff’s Law
the idea that bones adapt to the mechanical stresses placed on them
Epiphysis
expanded end of the long bones in animals, which ossifies separately from the bone shaft but becomes fixed to the shaft when full growth is attained
Periosteum
a fibrous sheath that covers bones
Epiphyseal Plate
AKA growth plate, a hyaline cartilage plate found in the metaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents
Metaphysis
the region of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
Diaphysis
the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone
Medullary Cavity
the hollow space in the center of long bones that stores bone marrow and helps produce blood cells
Endosteum
a thin, vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of bones, including the medullary cavity of long bones
Osteoclasts
dissolve and break down old or damaged bone cells
Long Bones
bones that are longer than they are wide and have a shaft and two ends
Short Bones
bones that are roughly cube-shaped and are about the same length, width, and height
Flat Bones
bones that are broad, thin, and curved, and are made up of two thin layers of compact bone with a layer of spongy bone in between
Irregular Bones
bones that have a shape that doesn’t fit into the other three categories of bones
Sesamoid (Accessory) Bones
a small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces
Fractures
a partial or complete break in the bone
Osteoporosis
a bone disease that causes bones to become weak and more likely to break
Osteopenia
a decrease in bone density that is less severe than osteoporosis
Osteomyelitis
a serious infection of the bone that can be either acute or chronic
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
occurs when too little blood reaches the ball portion of the hip joint for a short time
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
an inflammation of the area just below the knee where the tendon from the kneecap (patellar tendon) attaches to the shinbone
Avulsion
attachment sites of tendons or ligaments separate from the body of the bone
Closed
bone fractured. skin intact.
Comminuted
multiple fragments of bone
Complete
complete separation of bone fragments
Complicated
bone fracture with associated injury of surrounding tissue such as nerves, arteries, or veins
Compression
bone is compressed. High-force compression causes shattering into fragments. Low-force compression may cause “telescoping” (collapse)
Greenstick
bone is bent on one side and separated on the opposite side. Most often occurs in children
Hairline/ Stress
minor lines of fracture, often the result of repetitive microtrauma. No separation of bone.
Incomplete
fracture does not disrupt complete cross-section of bone.
Overriding
fracture in which segments slide past each other
Open (Compound)
skin punctured or torn as a result of the fracture
Simple
fracture in which only the bone is damaged; surrounding soft tissue is uninjured
Spiral
Fracture line has spiral shape as it encircles bone
Spontaneous
fracture with no apparent traumatic cause
Transverse
fracture perpendicular to long axis of bone
