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Introduction to Information Systems for Health Information Technology > Chapter 4 - System Selection > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - System Selection Flashcards

1
Q

legacy system

A

a type of information system that uses older technology but may still perform optimally

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2
Q

system development life cycle (SDLC)

A

a six-step model for developing information systems:

(1) project planning
(2) system analysis
(3) information system design
(4) information system implementation
(5) evaluation of implementation
(6) information system maintenance

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3
Q

feasibility study

A

an assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or project

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4
Q

feasible (adjective)

A

(1) capable of being done or carried out
(2) capable of being used or dealt with successfully
(3) REASONABLE, LIKELY

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5
Q

tangible benefits

A

benefits that are easy to quantify in dollars

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6
Q

intangible benefits

A

benefits that cannot be quantified monetarily

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7
Q

SMART methodology

A 
a strategy for writing goals; it stands for:
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time-based
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8
Q

project management

A

a formal set of principles and procedures that help control the activities associated with implementing a usually large undertaking to achieve a specific goal, such as an information system project

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9
Q

project team

A

a collection of individuals representing various disciplines, such as billing, clinician, administration, or information technology, that are assigned to work on a project

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10
Q

project manager

A

a person who is responsible for ensuring that the project plan stays within the designated timeline, issues are resolved, desired outcomes are met, and customer satisfaction is achieved

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11
Q

change management

A

The formal process of introducing change, getting it adopted, and diffusing it throughout the healthcare organization; Although some people welcome change, most have a natural aversion to it. A great deal of change management involves reducing these fears and preparing them for what is to come.

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12
Q

project

A

a plan and course of action that will address a specific objective, made up of a series of activities and tasks with defined start and stop dates. The plan has targeted objectives and deliverables to be accomplished. The project will need specific resources assigned to it in order to be completed; a project frequently has a separate budget that sets limits on spending.

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13
Q

information systems project steering committee

A

a managerial group responsible for every information system acquisition project in the healthcare organization. Each project team will report back to the steering committee. The steering committee’s role is to ensure that the strategic information system is being efficiently and effectively implemented and that the project stays on target

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14
Q

chief medical information officer (CMIO)

A

a person who acts as a liaison between physicians and the information technology staff

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15
Q

chief analytics officer (CAO)

A

a senior-level executive that heads up a company’s data analytics operations, transforming data into business value, and who drives data-related business change

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16
Q

user task force

A

a group of users, who will ultimately be using the information system, who test the information system and perform other project-related tasks for which the information systems project steering committee receives feedback

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17
Q

vendor

A

a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street

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18
Q

project definition

A

a statement that identifies the purpose of the project, how the project links to the organization’s business strategy, the goals of the project, and the scope of the project

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19
Q

scope creep

A

a word for what happens when items not included in the original scope are added after the project has begun. For example, a project starts out to implement an EHR in a medical clinic and then the decision is made to add the EHR to the outpatient surgery area. The needs of these two areas are different, so more time and resources would be required. These additions to the project will increase the time needed for the project, the money allocated and the resources (training resources, staff, and so forth) required to accomplish it.

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20
Q

scope (project management)

A

the combined objectives and requirements needed to complete a project

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21
Q

Gantt chart

A

a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule, named after its inventor, Henry Gantt

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22
Q

PERT chart

A

stands for: program (or project) evaluation and review technique (PERT); a statistical tool used in project management, which was designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project

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23
Q

critical path

A

the longest possible continuous pathway taken from the initial event to the terminal event. It determines the total calendar time required for the project; and, therefore, any time delays along the critical path will delay the reaching of the terminal event by at least the same amount

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24
Q

optimistic time

A

the minimum possible time required to accomplish an activity (o) or a path (O), assuming everything proceeds better than is normally expected

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25
Q

pessimistic time

A

the maximum possible time required to accomplish an activity (p) or a path (P), assuming everything goes wrong (but excluding major catastrophes)

26
Q

PERT activity

A

the actual performance of a task which consumes time and requires resources (such as labor, materials, space, machinery). It can be understood as representing the time, effort, and resources required to move from one event to another. A PERT activity cannot be performed until the predecessor event has occurred.

27
Q

PERT sub-activity

A

a PERT activity can be further decomposed into a set of sub-activities. For example, activity A1 can be decomposed into A1.1, A1.2 and A1.3. Sub-activities have all the properties of activities; in particular, a sub-activity has predecessor or successor events just like an activity. A sub-activity can be decomposed again into finer-grained sub-activities.

28
Q

predecessor event

A

an event that immediately precedes some other event without any other events intervening. An event can have multiple predecessor events and can be the predecessor of multiple events

29
Q

successor event

A

an event that immediately follows some other event without any other intervening events. An event can have multiple successor events and can be the successor of multiple events.

30
Q

PERT event

A

a point that marks the start or completion of one or more activities. It consumes no time and uses no resources. When it marks the completion of one or more activities, it is not “reached” (does not occur) until all of the activities leading to that event have been completed

31
Q

status report

A

periodic updates on the current state of the project, what has been accomplished, and what issues have been encountered

32
Q

systems analysis

A

an important process of collecting, organizing, and evaluating data on the healthcare organization and the information that it needs

33
Q

functional requirements

A

requirements that describe the functionality that an information system should be able to perform

34
Q

Go-live (healthcare)

A

the official time and date that the healthcare organization begins using the new information system

35
Q

internal scanning

A

identifying changes within the healthcare organization that will impact the information system, such as if new services or new clinics will be implemented

36
Q

external scanning

A

identifying changes outside of the healthcare organization that will impact the healthcare organization. The healthcare organization may be aware of pending legislation, trends, or other issues that may impact the information system under consideration. Understanding the environment helps ensure that the information system will work today and for the expected future.

37
Q

Likert scale

A

typically a five, seven, or nine-point agreement scale (e.g. strongly agree, neither agree nor disagree, strongly disagree) used to measure respondents’ agreement with various statements

38
Q

scale

A

a set of levels or numbers which are used in a particular system of measuring things or are used when comparing things

39
Q

tabulate (verb)

A

(1) to count, record, or list systematically

2) to put into tabular form (tables with rows and columns

40
Q

structured interview

A

An interview where everyone is asked the same questions. This improves analysis of the findings but does not encourage the interviewee to talk openly about pertinent issues, thus taking the risk that important data will be overlooked.

41
Q

unstructured interview

A

an interview where the interviewer does not have a list of questions but rather gets the interviewees talking about their jobs, their data needs, and other issues

42
Q

semistructured interview

A

a combination of the structured and unstructured formats. There are questions that interviewees are asked, but they are also encouraged to discuss in detail their jobs, data needs, and other issues

43
Q

pertinence

A

having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand

44
Q

scalability

A

(1) the capacity to be changed in size or scale

(2) the ability of a computing process to be used or produced in a range of capabilities

45
Q

integrated information systems

A

a system of separate applications that are designed to work together

46
Q

interface (computing)

A

a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information

47
Q

interfaced information systems

A

a system where the applications are not designed to work together, but rather are linked through an interface

48
Q

best-of-breed software

A

The best system in its referenced niche or category. Although it performs specialized functions better than an integrated system, this type of system is limited by its specialty area.

49
Q

niche

A

a specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service

50
Q

request for information (RFI)

A

a formal document requesting information

51
Q

request for proposal (RFP)

A

a type of business correspondence asking for very specific product and contract information that is often sent to a narrow list of vendors that have been preselected after a review of requests for information during the design phase of the SDLC (cycle)

52
Q

bidder conference

A

a meeting held by a buyer to discuss a possible purchase with multiple potential suppliers. The bidder conference allows sellers to make inquiries to gather information to use to prepare a bid. It also helps ensure that all bidders have access to the same information.

53
Q

facilitate (verb)

A

to make easier, help bring about

54
Q

weighted decision matrix

A

a powerful quantitative technique. It evaluates a set of choices (for example, ideas or projects) against a set of criteria you need to take into account; these criteria are weighed differently according to importance

55
Q

unweighted decision matrix

A

a decision matrix that evaluates a set of choices (for example, ideas or projects) against a set of criteria you need to take into account; all criteria have the same weight or importance

56
Q

force majeure

A

(1) unforeseeable circumstances that prevent someone from fulfilling a contract
(2) irresistible compulsion or greater force

57
Q

escrow

A

a bond, deed, or other document kept in the custody of a third party and taking effect only when a specified condition has been fulfilled; can also refer to an asset held and then transferred when a condition is fulfilled

58
Q

software license

A

a document that describes what can be done with a piece of software

59
Q

payment milestone

A

an action or event that triggers payment to the vendor, usually a percentage of the payment due

60
Q

acceptance testing

A

a type of testing that occurs after the go-live date. It tests the system to confirm that it is working as expected as per the contract, RFP response, and any other documentation. It is a critical part of the information system implementation because it establishes whether the terms of the contract have been met regarding performance and functionality.

Introduction to Information Systems for Health Information Technology (11 decks)

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