Chapter 4 study guide questions Flashcards
Which of the following is the ability ot reason or present a strong argument in favor of or against a position?
logic
pg.73
When a person is faced with making a decision, it is essential to apply logic in the form of___to arrive at a decision.
reasoning
pg.73
Which of the following is a process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or data?
Inductive reasoning
pg.73-76
Which of the following is the process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principle?
Deductive reasoning
pg.73-76
Which of the following is process that is based on the relationship between two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one caused the other to occur?
Casual reasoning
pg.73-76
Which of the following is based on a comparison between two similar cases?
Analogical reasoning
pg.73-76
Which of the following is essential to the inductive reasoning approach to decision-making?
Documentation
pg.74
Deductive reasoning is usually developed in the form of a:
syllogism
pg.75
The key to effective causal arguments is to:
establish a factual, direct link between the cause and the effect.
pg.76
Analogical reasoning is usually found in the___ type of speech.
persuasive
pg.76
A fallacy is:
false or fallacious reasoning without sufficient supporting evidence.
pg.76-77
What type of fallacy makes a faulty connection between the cause and effect?
Causal
pg.77
A proponent of a new library says that “There are those who don’t care if children read.” This is an example of which type of fallacy?
Straw man
pg.77
Which type of fallacy makes an argument or conclusion that is based on insufficient or non-existent evidence?
Hasty generalization
pg.77
The statement “Everyone is going, so you should let me go too,” is an example of which type of fallacy?
Bandwagon
pg.77
The term ethics means:
the principle that is used to determine correct and proper behavior.
pg.78
Where ethical conduct is concerned, company officers must remember that:
society expects a higher level of ethical conduct from members of the fire service.
pg.78
Which of the following is NOT a basic component of ethics?
Legality of unethical conduct
pg.79
Ethics and ethical behavior are___ traits.
learned
pg.79
Which of the following is the primary source of ethics and ethical behavior?
family
pg.79
Which of the following is a cause of unethical behavior in organizations?
Bottom-line mentality
pg.80
Which of the following is a cause of unethical behavior in individuals?
self-esteem
pg.80
Creating an ethical culture requires the creation of an ethics program that includes:
a written code of ethics or ethics policy.
pg.81
When dealing with an ethical dilemma, a company officer must first:
recognize and define the situation.
pg.82-83
The responsibility for the development of an ethical culture within the organization belongs to:
everyone in the organization.
pg.83
When applying the decision making process, which of the following is NOT a question that must be answered?
How will the decision affect the company officer?
pg.84
In order to apply the decision making process, a company officer must guage the___of the unit.
morale
pg.84-85
Decisions are usually:
generic or exceptional.
pg.85
Which of the following decisions will have both risk and uncertainty?
Exceptional
pg.85
The___ decision making model is usually applied to decisions that have the potential for high risk or uncertain outcomes.
rational
pg.85
Which of the following is the first step of the decision-making process?
classify the problem.
pg.87
After the problem has been classified and defined:
various responses must be determined.
pg.87
The best response to a decision:
fully and completely corrects the problem.
pg.87
After determining the best response, the decision should be:
acted upon
pg.88
Making decisions can be difficult because of:
personal barriers
pg.88
Fear is a___ barrier
psychological\
pg.89
Which of the following is a type of psychological barrier?
Lack of trust in one’s ability.
pg.89
The barrier of ego or self-esteem can be controlled through:
seeking professional counseling.
pg.89
External barriers include:
lack of resources
pg.90-91
The Abilene Paradox explains:
why members of a group may go along with a decision even when they believe it to be a bad one.
pg.91
Why does the Abilene Paradox exist?
Members fear the opinion is flawed.
pg.91
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the Abilene Paradox?
Group members agree in private, but not in public.
pg.42
The Abilene Paradox can be overcome by:
open communication
pg.91-92
Which of the following is a question to determine if a decision is ethical?
Is it the truth?
pg.92
Which of the following is NOT a question to determine if a fire and emergency services decision is ethically sound?
Will the decision benefit the organization?
pg.92
