Chapter 4 study guide questions

Question 1

Which of the following is the ability ot reason or present a strong argument in favor of or against a position?

Answer 1

logic

pg.73

Question 2

When a person is faced with making a decision, it is essential to apply logic in the form of___to arrive at a decision.

Answer 2

reasoning

pg.73

Question 3

Which of the following is a process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or data?

Answer 3

Inductive reasoning

pg.73-76

Question 4

Which of the following is the process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principle?

Answer 4

Deductive reasoning

pg.73-76

Question 5

Which of the following is process that is based on the relationship between two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one caused the other to occur?

Answer 5

Casual reasoning

pg.73-76

Question 6

Which of the following is based on a comparison between two similar cases?

Answer 6

Analogical reasoning

pg.73-76

Question 7

Which of the following is essential to the inductive reasoning approach to decision-making?

Answer 7

Documentation

pg.74

Question 8

Deductive reasoning is usually developed in the form of a:

Answer 8

syllogism

pg.75

Question 9

The key to effective causal arguments is to:

Answer 9

establish a factual, direct link between the cause and the effect.
pg.76

Question 10

Analogical reasoning is usually found in the___ type of speech.

Answer 10

persuasive

pg.76

Question 11

A fallacy is:

Answer 11

false or fallacious reasoning without sufficient supporting evidence.
pg.76-77

Question 12

What type of fallacy makes a faulty connection between the cause and effect?

Answer 12

Causal

pg.77

Question 13

A proponent of a new library says that “There are those who don’t care if children read.” This is an example of which type of fallacy?

Answer 13

Straw man

pg.77

Question 14

Which type of fallacy makes an argument or conclusion that is based on insufficient or non-existent evidence?

Answer 14

Hasty generalization

pg.77

Question 15

The statement “Everyone is going, so you should let me go too,” is an example of which type of fallacy?

Answer 15

Bandwagon

pg.77

Question 16

The term ethics means:

Answer 16

the principle that is used to determine correct and proper behavior.
pg.78

Question 17

Where ethical conduct is concerned, company officers must remember that:

Answer 17

society expects a higher level of ethical conduct from members of the fire service.
pg.78

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of ethics?

Answer 18

Legality of unethical conduct

pg.79

Question 19

Ethics and ethical behavior are___ traits.

Answer 19

learned

pg.79

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary source of ethics and ethical behavior?

Answer 20

family

pg.79

Question 21

Which of the following is a cause of unethical behavior in organizations?

Answer 21

Bottom-line mentality

pg.80

Question 22

Which of the following is a cause of unethical behavior in individuals?

Answer 22

self-esteem

pg.80

Question 23

Creating an ethical culture requires the creation of an ethics program that includes:

Answer 23

a written code of ethics or ethics policy.

pg.81

Question 24

When dealing with an ethical dilemma, a company officer must first:

Answer 24

recognize and define the situation.

pg.82-83

Question 25

The responsibility for the development of an ethical culture within the organization belongs to:

Answer 25

everyone in the organization.

pg.83

Question 26

When applying the decision making process, which of the following is NOT a question that must be answered?

Answer 26

How will the decision affect the company officer?

pg.84

Question 27

In order to apply the decision making process, a company officer must guage the___of the unit.

Answer 27

morale

pg.84-85

Question 28

Decisions are usually:

Answer 28

generic or exceptional.

pg.85

Question 29

Which of the following decisions will have both risk and uncertainty?

Answer 29

Exceptional

pg.85

Question 30

The___ decision making model is usually applied to decisions that have the potential for high risk or uncertain outcomes.

Answer 30

rational

pg.85

Question 31

Which of the following is the first step of the decision-making process?

Answer 31

classify the problem.

pg.87

Question 32

After the problem has been classified and defined:

Answer 32

various responses must be determined.

pg.87

Question 33

The best response to a decision:

Answer 33

fully and completely corrects the problem.

pg.87

Question 34

After determining the best response, the decision should be:

Answer 34

acted upon

pg.88

Question 35

Making decisions can be difficult because of:

Answer 35

personal barriers

pg.88

Question 36

Fear is a___ barrier

Answer 36

psychological\

pg.89

Question 37

Which of the following is a type of psychological barrier?

Answer 37

Lack of trust in one’s ability.

pg.89

Question 38

The barrier of ego or self-esteem can be controlled through:

Answer 38

seeking professional counseling.

pg.89

Question 39

External barriers include:

Answer 39

lack of resources

pg.90-91

Question 40

The Abilene Paradox explains:

Answer 40

why members of a group may go along with a decision even when they believe it to be a bad one.
pg.91

Question 41

Why does the Abilene Paradox exist?

Answer 41

Members fear the opinion is flawed.

pg.91

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the Abilene Paradox?

Answer 42

Group members agree in private, but not in public.

pg.42

Question 43

The Abilene Paradox can be overcome by:

Answer 43

open communication

pg.91-92

Question 44

Which of the following is a question to determine if a decision is ethical?

Answer 44

Is it the truth?

pg.92

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a question to determine if a fire and emergency services decision is ethically sound?

Answer 45

Will the decision benefit the organization?

pg.92