chapter 4 study guide

Question 1

parts of an atom

Answer 1

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

what charge do protons have

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

what charge do neutrons have

Answer 3

0

Question 4

what charge do electrons have

Answer 4

negative

Question 5

what particle has very little mass

Answer 5

electron

Question 6

protons do what?

Answer 6

determine the identity

Question 7

electrons do what?

Answer 7

responsible for reactivity

Question 8

neutrons do what?

Answer 8

hold the nucleus together

Question 9

atomic number

Answer 9

of protons

Question 10

valence electrons

Answer 10

electrons in the outermost shell

Question 11

when charge increase by 2 the force?

Answer 11

increases by 2 also

Question 12

when distance increases by 2 the force?

Answer 12

decreases by 1/4 also

Question 13

distance and force have a

Answer 13

indirect relationship

Question 14

charge and force have a

Answer 14

direct relationship

Question 15

distance varaible

Answer 15

r squared

Question 16

why does more electrons mean less attraction

Answer 16

the electrons repel eachother

Question 17

polar covalent bonds

Answer 17

shared valence electrons are shared unequally

Question 18

nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 18

shared valence electrons are shared equally

Question 19

ionic bonds

Answer 19

electrons are transferred

Question 20

electronegativity

Answer 20

the measure of how strongly atoms sttarct new bonding electrons

Question 21

chlorine and carbon bond type?

Answer 21

polar covalent

Question 22

chlorine and chlorine bond type?

Answer 22

covalent

Question 23

chlorine and potassium bond type?

Answer 23

ionic

Question 24

large differences in EN

Answer 24

ionic bonds

Question 25

smaller differences in EN

Answer 25

covalent bonds

Question 26

polar molecule

Answer 26

must contain a polar bond and be asymmetrical (partial charges)

Question 27

dipole

Answer 27

shows where the electrons are being pulled

Question 28

hydrogen bonds

Answer 28

most permanet, must contain O-H, N-H, F-H, highest differences in charge

Question 29

london disperion forces

Answer 29

can happen between any two atoms

Question 30

intermolecular

Answer 30

between two molecules

Question 31

intramolcular

Answer 31

within two molecules

Question 32

cohesion

Answer 32

H bonding between water molecules

Question 33

adhesion

Answer 33

H bonding between water and other substances

Question 34

solvent

Answer 34

substance that dissolves other substances

Question 35

specifc heat

Answer 35

the amount of energy it takes for 1 gram to heat up by 1 degree C

Question 36

heat of vaporization

Answer 36

energy it takes to evaporate water

Question 37

what bonds break to allow evapoaztion

Answer 37

hydrogen bonds

Question 38

is ice more or less dense than liquid water

Answer 38

less

Question 39

why does surface ice insulate the water below

Answer 39

its less dense than the liquid water