chapter 2 study guide Flashcards
what is the definition of population?
group of individuals of the same species in the same area at the same time
what level of organization relys on the same resources, interacts, and interbreed?
population
what are the factors that affect population size?
abiotic, biotic, and intrinsic
what is population density?
concentration of individuals
what is population distribution?
spacial relations between individuals
what are ways to count population?
direct, indirect, random sampling, and mark and recapture
what does r stand for?
max growth rate per capita
Birth and immgration do what to a population size?
increase
death and emigration do what to a poplation size?
decrease
what does K stand for?
carrying capacity
what is the equation for exponitail growth?
dN/dt=rN
what is the equation for logistical growth?
dN/dt=rN (K-N)/K
density dependent examples
competition, predation, disease
density independent examples
sunlight, rainfall, abiotic factors
what is the max sustainable yield?
N=.5K
what makes a population r selected?
lots of young, little parental care
what makes a population K selected?
small amounts of young, lots of parental care, larger species
examples of r selection
fish, plants
examples of K selection
elephants, humans,giraffes
what is a cohort?
all the same species in the same population at the same time
what is a survivorship curve?
percent of cohort surviing at a certain age
how many types of curves are there?
three
Type 1 is mostly
K selected
Type 3 is mostly
r selected
Type 1 examples
elephants, giraffes, humans
Type 2 examples
rodents, birds
type 3 examples
spiders, fish
what varible goes on the x axis?
life span (linear scale)
What variable goes on the y axis?
percent or number surviving (log scale)
when does birth rate decline?
mature industrial
when does death rate decline?
early industrial
what is the rate of population growth in the first stage?
very slow
what is the rate of population growth in the second stage?
rapid
what is the rate of population growth in the thrid stage?
slowing
what is the rate of population growth in the fourth stage?
very slow
do developed or developing countries affect population growth more?
developing