Chapter 4: Study Guide

Question 1

Tissue 

Answer 1

Used to describe a group of cells found together in the body

Question 2

List the four tissue types

Answer 2

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. 

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Sheets of cells, covering exterior surfaces, they line internal cavities/passageways form certain glands

Question 4

Connective tissue

Answer 4

Binds the cells/organs of the body together, protects, supports, and binds all body parts

Question 5

Muscle tissue

Answer 5

Excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

Question 6

Nervous tissue

Answer 6

Excitable, allows for wide distribution of electro chemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

Question 7

Describe connective tissue membranes

Answer 7

Formed from connective tissue
Encapsulates organs
Line our movable joints
Synovial= type of connective membrane


Question 8

List, three types of epithelial membranes, and their locations

Answer 8

Mucus, inside nose, mouth, and lungs protects the inside of the body
Serous, lines, body cavities and cover organs in those cavities. Lungs heart/blood vessels and abdominal cavity.
Cutaneous, the skin rest on top of connective tissue stratified squamous epithelial

Question 9

Describe the locations of the six serous membranes

Answer 9

Parietal Pleura- lines, thoracic cavity
Visceral plural - covers the surface of the lungs
Parietal pericardium- sack of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart
Visceral pericardium- innermost layer directly covers the heart ( epicardium )
Parietal Peritoneum- lines wall of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum - lines, the abdominal organs; stomach liver, spleen, small/large intestines

Question 10

Describe epithelial, tissue, structure and characteristics

Answer 10

Cells that are tightly packed, sheets of cells that cover exterior services of the body, line internal cavity/passageways, form certain glands
Endothelium, ectotherm, and mesoderm

Question 11

Simple, epithelial tissue

Answer 11

Only one layer of cells

Question 12

Stratified epithelial tissue

Answer 12

More than one layer of cells; several stacks

Question 13

Squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 13

Flat/thin

Question 14

Cuboidal epithelial tissue

Answer 14

Boxy/wide as it is tall

Question 15

Columnar epithelial tissue

Answer 15

Rectangular/taller than it is wide

Question 16

Simple, squamous, and its location

Answer 16

Thin, scaled, flat, horizontal, single layer, and tightly packed cells
Allows for diffusion/filtration
Found in blood vessels, endothelium, air sacs, in lungs (alveoli), and kidneys

Question 17

Simple, cuboidal, and its location

Answer 17

Single layer, cube shaped/spherical nuclei
Allows for secretions/absorption/exchange of materials
Found in small ducts of glands (salivary/pancreas) ; kidney tubules ( absorption ) ; secretions in urine

Question 18

Simple, columnar, and its location

Answer 18

Narrow, tall, elongated nuclei
Can be cililated/non
Absorption/secretion
Found in small/large intestines and respiratory tract

Question 19

Pseudostratified and its location

Answer 19

False appearance of multiple tissues; but it actually has a single layer of cells
Varies in height and can have movement of mucus
Found in airways in lungs and the trachea

Question 20

Stratified, squamous, and it’s location

Answer 20

Multiple layers, flat, scale, tightly packed
Protection against mechanical stress
Forms barrier to prevent damage/infection
Found in epidermidis, lines, mouth, esophagus, and vaginal canal

Question 21

Stratified, cuboidal, and it location

Answer 21

Multiple layers, cube
Provides protective barrier in areas subjected to stress
Location is in the ducts of exocrine glands
(Sweat and mammary)

Question 22

Stratified columnar and its location

Answer 22

Multiple layers, tall, elongated
Provides protection and is rare in human body
Found in male urethra

Question 23

Transitional tissue and its location

Answer 23

Different shape, multiple layers
Found only in urinary system
Shape allows for expansion/contraction
Tissue elasticity helps adapt to volume (urine)

Question 24

Endocrine gland

Answer 24

Ductless, releases, secretion, directly into surrounding tissue/fluids

Question 25

Exocrine gland

Answer 25

Secretion leaves through a duct that opens directly/indirectly to external environment

Question 26

Describe the characteristics of connective tissue and list its functions

Answer 26

Most diverse, connect tissues/organs, and dispersed in a matrix
Functions include support, protection, the transport of fluids, nutrients and waste, insulation, repair and heal, etc.

Question 27

Describe the three main fiber types, produced by fiber blast

Answer 27

1.) collagen- most abundant, strongest, link together, forms, long, straight fibers. It is flexible it gives ligaments/tendon strength, holds connective tissue together during body movement.

2.) elastic- composed of elastin; stretches, and returns to original shape.

3.) reticular- thin/delicate, branch like; found mostly in liver and spleen, provide support and anchor cells.

Question 28

Name all 11 connective tissues

Answer 28

Adipose
Areolar
Reticular
Dense regular connective
Dense, irregular connective
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Bone
Blood
Lymph

Question 29

Adipose connective tissue

Answer 29

Storage of energy, fat salts, can be released/metabolized when body needs energy
Provides insulation, cushion/protection by surrounding vital organs and protecting them from mechanical shock
Secretes, hormones to regulate metabolism, appetite and inflammation
White adipose- most abundant; can appear yellow. It protects the kidneys and cushions back of the eye.
Brown adipose- common in babies thermogenic

Question 30

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 30

Loose/flexible found beneath the skin surrounding organs/mucus membranes
Contains immune system cells- fiberblast, microphages
Random weblike of blood vessels
Found in hypodermis

Question 31

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 31

Little net, fine, branching, fibers, form, supportive framework
Spleen, liver, and lymph nodes
Filters/support blood cells/immune cells

Question 32

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 32

Packed parallel fibers of collagen
Strength/support; found in structures that require resistance to tension; found in tendons and ligaments

Question 33

Dense, irregular connective tissue

Answer 33

Packed collagen, fibers; arranged, irregularly, and multiple directions
Strength and support in various directions found in the dermis, liver , and spleen

Question 34

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 34

Smooth/glassy appearance; collagen, fibers in rubbery matrix; most common
Support, strong, flexible
Reduces friction between bones

Question 35

Fibrocartilage

Answer 35

Tough, thick bundles of fibers
Strength/shock absorption
Found in invertebral disc

Question 36

Elastic cartilage

Answer 36

Elastic fiber; flexible, resilient
Elasticity, found in external ears

Question 37

Bone

Answer 37

Sponge like, hardest, protection, support body
Contains hydroxyapatite ( calcium phosphate )
Osteocytes located in lacunae
Can recover in short period of time

Question 38

Blood

Answer 38

Found in circulatory system
Cells circulate in the matrix
Red blood cells, transport oxygen
White blood cells defend against harmful molecules
Platelets aid in blood clotting

Question 39

Lymph

Answer 39

Liquid matrix and white blood cells
Lymph capillaries= highly permeable
Eventually returns to bloodstream
Found in spleen, appendix, and tonsils

Question 40

Describe the three types of muscle tissue and locations

Answer 40

1.) skeletal muscle- long, cylindrical, fiber; outer edge, nuclei
Voluntary movement, produces heat/protects organs, and entrance points, such as mouth and anus

2.) cardiac muscle- short branched, single, central nuclei
Contracts to pump blood; heart

3.) smooth muscle- short spindle, single nucleus, and each fiber; involuntary movements, moves food, moves, secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries
Found in walls of major Organs/passageways