Chapter 4: States of Matter Flashcards
Archimedes’ principle
states that when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an mount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
boiling point
temperature at which added heat energy causes the molecules of a liquid to move faster and the liquid’s particles to enter the gaseous state in large numbers
buoyancy
decrease in weight of an object in a fluid due to the net upward force caused by the displaced fluid
condensation
process where particles in a cooling gas slow down and come together to form droplets of liquid
density
mass of an object divided by its volume
diffusion
mixing of particles in a gas or a liquid
evaporation
process by which the fastest-moving molecules of a liquid escape from the surface and form a gas
freezing point
temperature at which attractive forces trap particles in a cooling liquid and forms crystals
heat of fusion
heat required to melt one kilogram of a solid at its melting point
heat of vaporization
amount of energy required to change one kilogram of a liquid to a gas
kinetic theory of matter
states that the principles of all matter are in constant, random motion
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space and whose particles are in constant motion
melting point
temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Pascal’s principle
states that the pressure exerted on any point of a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid
pressure
amount of force applied per unit of area, the SI unit is Pascal (Pa)
