Chapter 2: Matter

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space and whose particles are in constant motion

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

small particle that makes up most types of matter and is made up of smaller parts called protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 3

law of conservation of matter

Answer 3

states that matter is neither created nor destroyed, only changed in form

Question 4

electron

Answer 4

negatively charged particle found in a cloud like formation surrounding an atom’s nucleus

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

positively charged, central part of an atom

Question 6

proton

Answer 6

positively charged, heavy particle contained in the nucleus of all atoms

Question 7

neutron

Answer 7

electrically neutral particle that is present in the nucleus of all atoms

Question 8

element

Answer 8

substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and whose atoms are exactly alike

Question 9

atomic number

Answer 9

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific element

Question 10

atomic mass

Answer 10

number that tells how heavy an element’s atoms are compared with atoms of other elements

Question 11

isotope

Answer 11

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Question 12

mass number

Answer 12

number of neutrons plus the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

metal

Answer 13

element that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, is usually a solid at room temperature and usually shiny, ductile, and malleable

Question 14

nonmetal

Answer 14

elements that are usually dull and are poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 15

metalloid

Answer 15

element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals

Question 16

substance

Answer 16

sample of matter that has the same composition and properties throughout

Question 17

compound

Answer 17

pure substance that containes two or more elements

Question 18

law of definite proportions

Answer 18

states that a given compound is always made of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Question 19

mixture

Answer 19

combination of substances that can be separated by physical means and can be either the same throughout (homogeneous) or have different parts with different compositions (heterogeneous)