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CHEM 212 > Chapter 4 - Solidification > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Solidification Flashcards

1
Q

Grain

A

Individual crystals in a Poly-Crystalline Metal

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2
Q

Grain Boundary

A

Location where grains meet

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3
Q

The finer the grain, the stronger the material

A

True

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4
Q

Fine Grain Structures

A

Strongest
Less Ductile
Many nucleation Sites

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5
Q

Coarse Grain Structures

A

Weakest

More Ductile

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6
Q

Equiaxed Grains

A

Crystals spread(Grow) equally in all directions and have random orientations

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7
Q

Columnar Grains

A

Long, thin grains in a solidified poly crystalline structure. Formed in the interior of ingots

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8
Q

Alloy

A

Mixture of two or more metals or materials or a metal & Non-metal

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9
Q

Solid Solution

A

Atoms are added to host material. Crystal Structure is maintained, No new structures formed.
A) Substitutional
B) Interstitial

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10
Q

Substitutional Solid Solution

A

Solute or impurity atom replaces host atom.
Must meet requirements of Hume-Rothery Rules
CEO 15

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11
Q

Hume-Rothery Rules

A 
CEO 15
Same Crystal Structure
Similar Electronegativity
Same Charge/Valence
Radii Differ by <= 15%
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12
Q

Interstitial Solid Solution

A

Impurity atoms fill voids among host atoms

Diameter must be substantially smaller

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13
Q

Case Hardening

A

Outer surface of material is hardened

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14
Q

Gas Carbourizing

A

Hardening by the addition of Hydrocarbon gas to the surface of a metal

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15
Q

Point Defects

A 
Vacancy
Interstitialcy
Substitutional
Frenkel
Schottkey
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16
Q

Vacancy

A

Empty spot in crystal structure where atom should have been

17
Q

Interstitialcy

A

Extra atom added into crystal structure

18
Q

Substitutional

A

Alternate atom placed in location of previous atom. Structure un-altered

19
Q

Frenkel

A

Smaller atom reloctes. Old space left vacant.

20
Q

Schottkey

A

Both large and small molecule missing

21
Q

Line Defects

A

Edge Dislocation

Screw Dislocation

22
Q

Edge Dislocation

A

Extra Row/ Missing Row

23
Q

Screw Dislocation

A

Shear stress applied. creates helical ramp

24
Q

Planar Defects

A

Grain Boundary

Twin Boundary

25
Q

Grain Boundary

A

Location where two crystals with different orientations meet

26
Q

Twin Boundary

A

Region in which a mirror image of the structure exists

CHEM 212 (5 decks)

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