Chapter 4 Solar Cells: Applications of PV cells

Question 1

Solar versus Diesel , Calculate the electricity price in both systems :

Data for Diesel :
Diesel price: 1€/l ~ 0,1€/kWh
Efficiency: 30 %

Data for Solar :
Solar module: 1000 €/kW
Full load hours: 2000 h
Annuity: 10 %

Answer 1

Electricity price: Diesel
0,1/0,3 €/kWh(el) = 0,33 €/kWh(el)

Electricity price: 1000 *0,1/2000 €/kWh(el)
= 0,05 €/kWh(el) Solar ,

Though solar needs storage .

Question 2

Overview of model input and output Model in the EU , MENA region

Answer 2

In puts :

• Load curves , per hour
• Capacity factor for renewable power plants
• Existing Grid Capacity
• Environmental Constraints , CO2-Limit

-> Model :
Satisfying the demand in each region and in each hour of a year .
-> minimization of total costs etc,,

Model Out put :

• costs / marginal costs
• energy flows
• installed capacities
• generation rate
• ideal locations
• power plants scheduling based on forcasted demand

Question 3

Energy ratio change between the scenarios connected systems and disconnected systems

Answer 3

The share of wind power is higher in the connected systems than in the disconnected
systems
- PV accounts for about 10 % in all scenarios with slightly more in disconnected system
as a “compensation” for wind power
-CO2 emissions are much lower in regions with cheap resources
-n scenarios with disconnected systems specific CO2 emissions are higher in MENA
as renewables electricity production is shifted to Europe and more balancing power is
needed in MENA