Chapter 4: Society and Social Interactions Flashcards
SOCI-1301
Achieved Status
the status a person chooses, such as the level of education or income
Agricultural Societies
societies that rely on farming as a way of life
Alienation
an individual’s isolation from his/her society, work, and sense of self
Anomie
a situation in which a society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
Ascribed Status
the status outside of individual’s control, such as race or sex
Bourgeoisie
the owners of the means of production in a society
Capitalism
a way of organizing the economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individuals in a society rather than by the government
Class Consciousness
one’s awareness of his/her economic rank in a society
Collective Consciousness
the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
False Consciousness
the beliefs, ideas, and ideology set by the dominant class that are not in the person’s best interest
Feudal Societies
societies that operate in a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection
Habitualization
the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us and is followed as a habit
Horticultural Societies
societies that are based around cultivation of plants
Hunter-Gatherer Societies
societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering of uncultivated plants for survival
Industrial Societies
societies characterized by reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods
Information Societies
societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services
Institutionalization
the act of implanting a convention or a norm into a society
Iron Cage
a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions
Looking-Glass Self
our reflection of how we think we appear to others
Mechanical Solidarity
a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture
Organic Solidarity
a type of social order based around the acceptance of economic and social differences
Pastoral Societies
societies based around domestication of animals
Proletariat
the laborers in a society
Rationalization
a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality and tradition
Role Conflict
a situation in which one or more of individual’s roles clash
Role Performance
the expression of a role
Role Strain
stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
Role-set
an array of roles attached to a particular status
Roles
patterns of behavior that are represented by a person’s social status
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
an idea that becomes true when acted upon
Social Integration
how strongly individual is connected to his/her social group
Society
a group of individuals who live in definable community and share the same cultural components
Status
the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his/her role or rank in a society
Thomas Theorem
how a subjective reality can drive certain events to occur despite previous evidence of objective reality
