Chapter 1: Introduction into Sociology

Question 1

Beliefs

Answer 1

tenets and convictions that people hold to be true

Question 2

Countercultures

Answer 2

groups that reject and oppose the widely accepted culture principles of a society

Question 3

Cultural Universals

Answer 3

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

shared beliefs, values, and practices

Question 5

Cultural Gap

Answer 5

the gap of time between the introduction of a material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

Question 7

Discoveries

Answer 7

things and ideas found from what already exists

Question 8

Ethnocentrism

Answer 8

the evaluation and judgement of a culture based on one’s own cultural norms

Question 9

Folkways

Answer 9

direct, appropriate behavior in day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

Question 10

Formal Norms

Answer 10

established, written rules

Question 11

Globalization

Answer 11

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Question 12

High Culture

Answer 12

the cultural patterns of society’s elite

Question 13

Ideal Culture

Answer 13

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Question 14

Informal Norms

Answer 14

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Question 15

Innovations

Answer 15

new objects or ideas introduced to a culture for the first time

Question 16

Inventions

Answer 16

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

Question 17

Language

Answer 17

symbolic system of communication

Question 18

Mores

Answer 18

moral views and principles of a group

Question 19

Norms

Answer 19

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

Question 20

Popular Culture

Answer 20

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

Question 21

Real Culture

Answer 21

the way a society is based on what actually occurs and exists

Question 22

Sanctions

Answer 22

a way to authorize or formally disapprove a certain behavior

Question 23

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 23

the way the people understand the world based on their form of language

Question 24

Social Control

Answer 24

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

Question 25

Society

Answer 25

a people who live in a definable community and share a culture

Question 26

Subcultures

Answer 26

groups who share a specific identity, apart from society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

Question 27

Symbols

Answer 27

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

Question 28

Values

Answer 28

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in a society