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Nutrition 223 > Chapter 4 Smart Book > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Smart Book Flashcards

1
Q

The ______________ is an example of an organ system

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

Fluids involved in the process of digestion and absorption may contain

A

water
mucus
hormones
acid

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3
Q

Which of the following are examples of organ systems

A

digestive
endocrine

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4
Q

How much digestive fluid is secreted into the GI tract over the course of aday?

A

29 cups

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5
Q

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

A

peristalsis

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6
Q

When swallowing a bite of food, the ____ closes over the trachea to allow the bolus to enter the esophogus

A

epiglottis

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7
Q

Which of the following dietary components are absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?

A

alcohol
water

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8
Q

The contents of the stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a ____ at a time

A

teaspoon

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9
Q

The roles of HCI produced by the stomach include

A

destroys harmful bacteria and virsuses
dissolved dietary minerals
inactivates biological activity of consumed proteins

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10
Q

The liquid contents of the stomach are a mixture of gastric secretions and partially digested food known as

A

chyme

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11
Q

Secretions from the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are delivered into the small intestine via the

A

pancreatic duct
bile duct

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12
Q

The GI regulatory hormone is released by the small intestine in response to acidic chyme and stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate

A

secretin

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13
Q

Which nutrient is absorbed via facilited diffusion

A

fructose

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14
Q

These accessory organs function along with small intestine in the digestive process

A

pancreas
liver
gallbladder

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15
Q

The GI regulatory hormone is released by stomach duodenum and triggers the stomach to release HCI and pepsinogen

A

gastrin

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16
Q

When a nutrient requires a carrier protein and energy in order to be absorbed, this is called _____

A

active absorption

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17
Q

Which nutrients are absorbed from the the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption

A

amino acids
glucose

18
Q

This GI regulatory hormone is released by the small intestine in response to fat and stimulated release of pancreatic enzymes and bile

A

cholecytoskinin

19
Q

The choice of system used to transport nutrients is based primarily on whether the nutrients are

A

fat or water soluble

20
Q

Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the lympathic system?

A

fat soluble vitamins
most fats

21
Q

Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are delivered to which circulatory systems in the body

A

cardiovascular
lymphatic

22
Q

Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the cardiovascular system

A

water-soluble nutrients
proteins
carbohydrates
B-vitamins
VItamin C
Short and medium chain fatty acids

23
Q

Which of the following are true about the lymphatic system

A

the villi contain lacteals to transport nutrients to larger lymph vessels
lymph is a clear fluid until carrying fats, which causes the lymph to look milky

24
Q

Place the 5 sections of the colon in the order in which a substance would pass through the large intestine after it leaves the small intestine

A

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon

25
Q

The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to

A

make vitamin k and biotin
digest and metabolize complex carbohydrates, fibers, and starches

26
Q

Insulin is an example of a

A

prebiotic

27
Q

The _______ intestine is the main site where electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium are absorbed

A

large

28
Q

Medications used to treat GERD include

A

antacids
proton pump inhibitors

29
Q

Younger people most often develop ulcers in the

A

small intestine

30
Q

Food that contain prebiotics include ________

A

seeds
bananas
whole grains

31
Q

The large intestine absorbs about ______ percent of water

A

10%

32
Q

Ulcers in the stomach most often occur in which age group?

A

older adults

33
Q

Common causes of food intolerances include

A

toxic contaminants such as mold or bacteria
sensitivites to food component
deficiencies in digestive enzymes

34
Q

Most causes of diarrhea result from

A

bacterial infection
viral infection

35
Q

Gallstones are composed of

A

cholesterol
bile pigments

36
Q

What percent of the US population suffers from IBS

A

10-15%

37
Q

Factors that contribute to the development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Include

A

altered gut immunity
abnormal intestinal motility
psychosocial distress

38
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

A

an overall increase in dietary fiber has not been supported as an effective treatment for IBS
soluble fiber is more effective than insoluble fiber

39
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ________ irritable bowel syndrome

A

not the same as

40
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is more common in younger ______

A

women

41
Q

Most cases of diarrhea result from

A

viral infection
bacterial infection

42
Q

Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease include

A

nutritional deficiencies such as anemia and osteoporosis
protein-calorie malnutrition

Nutrition 223 (3 decks)

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