Chapter 4 Smart Book Flashcards
The ______________ is an example of an organ system
cardiovascular
Fluids involved in the process of digestion and absorption may contain
water
mucus
hormones
acid
Which of the following are examples of organ systems
digestive
endocrine
How much digestive fluid is secreted into the GI tract over the course of aday?
29 cups
Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called
peristalsis
When swallowing a bite of food, the ____ closes over the trachea to allow the bolus to enter the esophogus
epiglottis
Which of the following dietary components are absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?
alcohol
water
The contents of the stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a ____ at a time
teaspoon
The roles of HCI produced by the stomach include
destroys harmful bacteria and virsuses
dissolved dietary minerals
inactivates biological activity of consumed proteins
The liquid contents of the stomach are a mixture of gastric secretions and partially digested food known as
chyme
Secretions from the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are delivered into the small intestine via the
pancreatic duct
bile duct
The GI regulatory hormone is released by the small intestine in response to acidic chyme and stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate
secretin
Which nutrient is absorbed via facilited diffusion
fructose
These accessory organs function along with small intestine in the digestive process
pancreas
liver
gallbladder
The GI regulatory hormone is released by stomach duodenum and triggers the stomach to release HCI and pepsinogen
gastrin
When a nutrient requires a carrier protein and energy in order to be absorbed, this is called _____
active absorption
Which nutrients are absorbed from the the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption
amino acids
glucose
This GI regulatory hormone is released by the small intestine in response to fat and stimulated release of pancreatic enzymes and bile
cholecytoskinin
The choice of system used to transport nutrients is based primarily on whether the nutrients are
fat or water soluble
Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the lympathic system?
fat soluble vitamins
most fats
Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are delivered to which circulatory systems in the body
cardiovascular
lymphatic
Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the cardiovascular system
water-soluble nutrients
proteins
carbohydrates
B-vitamins
VItamin C
Short and medium chain fatty acids
Which of the following are true about the lymphatic system
the villi contain lacteals to transport nutrients to larger lymph vessels
lymph is a clear fluid until carrying fats, which causes the lymph to look milky
Place the 5 sections of the colon in the order in which a substance would pass through the large intestine after it leaves the small intestine
Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to
make vitamin k and biotin
digest and metabolize complex carbohydrates, fibers, and starches
Insulin is an example of a
prebiotic
The _______ intestine is the main site where electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium are absorbed
large
Medications used to treat GERD include
antacids
proton pump inhibitors
Younger people most often develop ulcers in the
small intestine
Food that contain prebiotics include ________
seeds
bananas
whole grains
The large intestine absorbs about ______ percent of water
10%
Ulcers in the stomach most often occur in which age group?
older adults
Common causes of food intolerances include
toxic contaminants such as mold or bacteria
sensitivites to food component
deficiencies in digestive enzymes
Most causes of diarrhea result from
bacterial infection
viral infection
Gallstones are composed of
cholesterol
bile pigments
What percent of the US population suffers from IBS
10-15%
Factors that contribute to the development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Include
altered gut immunity
abnormal intestinal motility
psychosocial distress
Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
an overall increase in dietary fiber has not been supported as an effective treatment for IBS
soluble fiber is more effective than insoluble fiber
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ________ irritable bowel syndrome
not the same as
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is more common in younger ______
women
Most cases of diarrhea result from
viral infection
bacterial infection
Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease include
nutritional deficiencies such as anemia and osteoporosis
protein-calorie malnutrition
