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Nutrition 223 > Chapter 1 Smart Book > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Smart Book Flashcards

1
Q

A healthy diet especially one rich in fruits and veggies with frequent exercise can…

A

prevent and treat many age- related diseases

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2
Q

( Blank) plays a role in the development of most of the leading causes of death in the US

A

diet

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3
Q

The combination of (blank) and (blank) contributes to well over half of the leading causes of death in the US

A

poor diet
too little exercise

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4
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of mainly

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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5
Q

What kind of carbohydrate is starch considered to be?

A

complex carbohydrate

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6
Q

Glucose, a major source of energy in most cells comes from…

A

starch
simple carbohydrates

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7
Q

What are some examples of complex carbohydrates

A

glycogen
starch
fiber

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8
Q

What is true regarding triglycerides?

A

-they are a key source of energy for the body
-they are the major form of energy stored in the body

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9
Q

Lipids are categorized as saturated or unsaturated based on…

A

the chemical structure of their major fatty acids

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10
Q

The carbohydrate that forms the structure of plants is a:

A

complex carbohydrate

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11
Q

True or False: Not all chemical compounds exist as molecules

A

true

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12
Q

Phytochemicals are physiologically active compounds found in

A

veggies
whole grains
fruits

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13
Q

A compound consists of…

A

atoms of two or more elements bonded together in specific proportions

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14
Q

Nutrition Care Process

A

a systematic approach to care used by registered dieticians

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15
Q

What does the Nutrition Care Process involve?

A

assessment
diagnosis
intervention
monitoring
evaluation

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16
Q

What are some limitations of nutritional assessments?

A

It can be hard to make connections between diet and nutritional status
Signs and symptoms are not always evident
Nutritional assessments are not always specific

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17
Q

Which agency can act if a dietary supplement is dangerous?

A

Federal Drug Administration ( FDA)

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18
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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19
Q

What cancers have proven to be the most deadly in the United States?

A

Colon cancer
Breast cancer

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20
Q

Four leading causes of death in the United States

A

Heart Disease
Cancer
COVID
Stroke

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21
Q

(Blank) percent of all deaths may be related to unhealthy eating and physical inactivity

A

85%

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22
Q

Health factors that cause chronic disease

A

Non-modifiable factors
Family History

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23
Q

What may be considered “modifiable” factors to prevent chronic disease

A

Cigarette smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption

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24
Q

Genes direct the growth, development, and maintenance of the cells

A

How do genes impact the cell?

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25
What are the six nutrients?
Carbohydrates Fats (lipids) Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
26
What are the three categories of the six nutrients?
Organic vs Inorganic Macronutrient vs Micronutrients Essential vs Non-Essential
27
C6H12O6-glucose CONTAINS carbon
An example of an organic nutrient
28
In organic nutrient example
H2O- water Does NOT contain carbon
29
Four Organic Nutrients
Carbohydrates Fats (lipids) Proteins Vitamins
30
Two Inorganic Nutrients
Minerals Water
31
Carbohydrates
The primary source of fuel for the body, especially the brain and physical activity
32
Where are carbohydrates found?
Grains (wheat and rice) Vegetables Fruits Legumes (lentils, beans, peas) Milk products
33
How many kcal/gm do Carbohydrates Provide?
4 kcal/gm
34
What three groups are considered to be lipids?
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols
35
How many kcal/gm do lipids provide?
9 kcal/gm
36
Proteins are an important source of…
Nitrogen
37
How many kcal/gm do proteins provide?
4 kcal/gm
38
How many kcal/gm does alcohol provide?
7 kcal/gm
39
Because it doesn’t support the growth, maintenance, or repair of the body
Why is alcohol considered a toxin?
40
How many main vitamins are there?
13
41
Function of vitamins
To enable body functions
42
Two groups of vitamins
Fat soluble Water soluble
43
Four Fat Soluble Vitamins
A D E K
44
Vitamin A
Immunity and vision
45
Sunshine vitamin, many are deficient in it
Vitamin D
46
Vitamin E
Cell coating
47
Vitamin K
Created in the colon; helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones
48
Don’t dissolve in water; stored in the liver or with lipids in the adipose tissue
Hydrophobic Vitamins
49
We store ( blank) vitamins in the liver, we don’t excrete them. Since these don’t dissolve in water, if you take too much of these, you can develop toxic side effects
Fat soluble
50
Nine Water Soluble Vitamins
Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Patothenic Acid Biotin B-6 B-12 Folate Vitamin C
51
They love water and are kinda like swimming around in the body; not stored in tissues to a significant degree; need to take them everyday because they aren’t stored in surplus. Excess is excreted in urine
Hydrophilic Vitamins
52
Inorganic molecules required for bodily processes Not destroyed by cooking Yield no energy Required for normal bodily function ( fluid balance regulation, energy production etc)
Minerals
53
Ex: calcium Needed in gram amounts/day
Major Minerals
54
Iron Needed in less than 100 mg/day
Trace Minerals
55
Three main groups of nutrients
Essential Nutrients Nonessential Nutrients Conditionally Essential Nutrients
56
Must be obtained from the diet Cannot be made by the body or be made in adequate amounts Nine essential amino acids
Essential Nutrients
57
Not necessary to obtain from the diet Body can make in sufficient amounts Eleven nonessential amino acids
Nonessential Nutrients
58
Nutrient becomes essential under certain circumstances
Conditionally Essential Nutrients
59
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Inborn error metabolism common in newborn babies and infants; not enough tyrosine
60
Babies don’t have the enzyme in phenylalanine hydroxyl are to make the conversions to tyrosine which creates an excess of phenylalanine and not enough tyrosine; tyrosine becomes an essential nutrient
What happens in Phenylketonuria?
61
Classified vitamins, minerals, amino acids and herbal remedies as foods Can be marketed in the US without DEA regulation
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

Nutrition 223 (3 decks)

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