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Nutrition 223 > Chapter 1 Smart Book > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Smart Book Flashcards

1
Q

A healthy diet especially one rich in fruits and veggies with frequent exercise can…

A

prevent and treat many age- related diseases

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2
Q

( Blank) plays a role in the development of most of the leading causes of death in the US

A

diet

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3
Q

The combination of (blank) and (blank) contributes to well over half of the leading causes of death in the US

A

poor diet
too little exercise

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4
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of mainly

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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5
Q

What kind of carbohydrate is starch considered to be?

A

complex carbohydrate

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6
Q

Glucose, a major source of energy in most cells comes from…

A

starch
simple carbohydrates

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7
Q

What are some examples of complex carbohydrates

A

glycogen
starch
fiber

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8
Q

What is true regarding triglycerides?

A

-they are a key source of energy for the body
-they are the major form of energy stored in the body

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9
Q

Lipids are categorized as saturated or unsaturated based on…

A

the chemical structure of their major fatty acids

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10
Q

The carbohydrate that forms the structure of plants is a:

A

complex carbohydrate

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11
Q

True or False: Not all chemical compounds exist as molecules

A

true

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12
Q

Phytochemicals are physiologically active compounds found in

A

veggies
whole grains
fruits

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13
Q

A compound consists of…

A

atoms of two or more elements bonded together in specific proportions

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14
Q

Nutrition Care Process

A

a systematic approach to care used by registered dieticians

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15
Q

What does the Nutrition Care Process involve?

A

assessment
diagnosis
intervention
monitoring
evaluation

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16
Q

What are some limitations of nutritional assessments?

A

It can be hard to make connections between diet and nutritional status
Signs and symptoms are not always evident
Nutritional assessments are not always specific

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17
Q

Which agency can act if a dietary supplement is dangerous?

A

Federal Drug Administration ( FDA)

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18
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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19
Q

What cancers have proven to be the most deadly in the United States?

A

Colon cancer
Breast cancer

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20
Q

Four leading causes of death in the United States

A

Heart Disease
Cancer
COVID
Stroke

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21
Q

(Blank) percent of all deaths may be related to unhealthy eating and physical inactivity

A

85%

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22
Q

Health factors that cause chronic disease

A

Non-modifiable factors
Family History

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23
Q

What may be considered “modifiable” factors to prevent chronic disease

A

Cigarette smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption

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24
Q

Genes direct the growth, development, and maintenance of the cells

A

How do genes impact the cell?

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25
Q

What are the six nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates
Fats (lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

26
Q

What are the three categories of the six nutrients?

A

Organic vs Inorganic
Macronutrient vs Micronutrients
Essential vs Non-Essential

27
Q

C6H12O6-glucose
CONTAINS carbon

A

An example of an organic nutrient

28
Q

In organic nutrient example

A

H2O- water
Does NOT contain carbon

29
Q

Four Organic Nutrients

A

Carbohydrates
Fats (lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins

30
Q

Two Inorganic Nutrients

A

Minerals
Water

31
Q

Carbohydrates

A

The primary source of fuel for the body, especially the brain and physical activity

32
Q

Where are carbohydrates found?

A

Grains (wheat and rice)
Vegetables
Fruits
Legumes (lentils, beans, peas)
Milk products

33
Q

How many kcal/gm do Carbohydrates Provide?

A

4 kcal/gm

34
Q

What three groups are considered to be lipids?

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

35
Q

How many kcal/gm do lipids provide?

A

9 kcal/gm

36
Q

Proteins are an important source of…

A

Nitrogen

37
Q

How many kcal/gm do proteins provide?

A

4 kcal/gm

38
Q

How many kcal/gm does alcohol provide?

A

7 kcal/gm

39
Q

Because it doesn’t support the growth, maintenance, or repair of the body

A

Why is alcohol considered a toxin?

40
Q

How many main vitamins are there?

A

13

41
Q

Function of vitamins

A

To enable body functions

42
Q

Two groups of vitamins

A

Fat soluble
Water soluble

43
Q

Four Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

44
Q

Vitamin A

A

Immunity and vision

45
Q

Sunshine vitamin, many are deficient in it

A

Vitamin D

46
Q

Vitamin E

A

Cell coating

47
Q

Vitamin K

A

Created in the colon; helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones

48
Q

Don’t dissolve in water; stored in the liver or with lipids in the adipose tissue

A

Hydrophobic Vitamins

49
Q

We store ( blank) vitamins in the liver, we don’t excrete them. Since these don’t dissolve in water, if you take too much of these, you can develop toxic side effects

A

Fat soluble

50
Q

Nine Water Soluble Vitamins

A

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Patothenic Acid
Biotin
B-6
B-12
Folate
Vitamin C

51
Q

They love water and are kinda like swimming around in the body; not stored in tissues to a significant degree; need to take them everyday because they aren’t stored in surplus. Excess is excreted in urine

A

Hydrophilic Vitamins

52
Q

Inorganic molecules required for bodily processes
Not destroyed by cooking
Yield no energy
Required for normal bodily function ( fluid balance regulation, energy production etc)

A

Minerals

53
Q

Ex: calcium
Needed in gram amounts/day

A

Major Minerals

54
Q

Iron
Needed in less than 100 mg/day

A

Trace Minerals

55
Q

Three main groups of nutrients

A

Essential Nutrients
Nonessential Nutrients
Conditionally Essential Nutrients

56
Q

Must be obtained from the diet
Cannot be made by the body or be made in adequate amounts
Nine essential amino acids

A

Essential Nutrients

57
Q

Not necessary to obtain from the diet
Body can make in sufficient amounts
Eleven nonessential amino acids

A

Nonessential Nutrients

58
Q

Nutrient becomes essential under certain circumstances

A

Conditionally Essential Nutrients

59
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Inborn error metabolism common in newborn babies and infants; not enough tyrosine

60
Q

Babies don’t have the enzyme in phenylalanine hydroxyl are to make the conversions to tyrosine which creates an excess of phenylalanine and not enough tyrosine; tyrosine becomes an essential nutrient

A

What happens in Phenylketonuria?

61
Q

Classified vitamins, minerals, amino acids and herbal remedies as foods
Can be marketed in the US without DEA regulation

A

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

Nutrition 223 (3 decks)

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