Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire

Question 1

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 1

the systematic importation of African slaves from their native continent across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World, largely fueled by rising demand for sugar, rice, coffee, and tobacco

Question 2

Middle Passage

Answer 2

second, middle, leg in the triangle trading routes, harrowing experience for slaves

Question 3

Stono Rebellion

Answer 3

a slave uprising in 1739 in SC that led to a severe tightening of the slave code and the temporary imposition of a prohibitive tax on imported slaves

Question 4

rebuplicanism

Answer 4

political theory in 18th-century England and America that celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens as central to freedom

Question 5

virtue

Answer 5

willingness to subordinate self-interest to the pursuit of the public good

Question 6

liberalism

Answer 6

originally, political philosophy that emphasized the protection of liberty by limiting the power of government to interfere with the natural rights of citzens

Question 7

freedom of the press

Answer 7

viewed as extremely dangerous by American and British governments

Question 8

Great Awakening

Answer 8

ferverent religious revival movement in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers and revivalists

Question 9

Father Junipero Serra

Answer 9

controversial figure in CA’s early, history, founded first CA mission, converted 1000s Indians to Christianity

Question 10

middle ground

Answer 10

land between European empires and Indian sovereignty; all people lived side-by-side

Question 11

Acadians

Answer 11

French residents of Nova Scotia; English confiscated their land and expelled them form the region; sold their farms to colonists (some when to Louisiana - Cajuns)

Question 12

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 12

1763 revolt against British rule by Great Lakes Indians

Question 13

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 13

1754, by Ben Franklin, envisioned creation of a Grand Council composed of delegates from each colony; rejected by colonial assemblies

Question 14

During the 18th-century, more than half of the Africans shipped to the New World as slaves were…

Answer 14

carried on British vessels

Question 15

Under the ideals of liberalism, the “social contract extorted that…

Answer 15

men retain their natural rights because these rights predated the establishment of political authority

Question 16

The trial of John Peter Zenger involved the issue of…

Answer 16

freedom of the press.

Question 17

The effect of the Enlightenment on religion resulted in…

Answer 17

the adoption of the concept of Diesm

Question 18

The effect of the Enlightenment on religion resulted in…

Answer 18

the adoption of the concept of Deism

Question 19

The Great Awakening occurred because many ministers were concerned with…

Answer 19

westward expansion

Question 20

The “Sacred Experiment” carried out near present-day San Diego…

Answer 20

was launched by the Spanish to take control of and prevent occupation by foreigners

Question 21

As a result of the Seven Years’ War, a large number of French residents in Nova Scotia…

Answer 21

moved to Louisiana, where their decendants came to be know as Cajuns.

Question 22

In 1763, the Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt against British rule called…

Answer 22

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Question 23

Following the Proclamation of 1763…

Answer 23

its ordinances were ignored and officials covered their involvement in land grabs

Question 24

The Albany Plan of Union…

Answer 24

was the attempt to create a council composed of delegates from each colony to levy taxes and settle domestic issues

Question 25

Which of the following is true regarding the Middle Passage?

Answer 25

ship captains sometimes threw slaves overboard, especially when they were sick

Question 26

In Johnathan Edwards’s view, what was a sinner’s only hope in life?

Answer 26

a “new birth” in which they became devout Christians

Question 27

The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called…

Answer 27

the enlightenment

Question 28

What was the source of an increase in Native American tribal unity in the late 1700s?

Answer 28

violence directed against Indian people by white American soldiers and settlers.

Question 29

T or F: The phrase “freedom of speech” originated in colonial America.

Answer 29

False